Biology of colorectal cancer

Arvelo, Francisco; Sojo, Felipe; Cotte, Carlos

doi:10.3332/ecancer.2015.520

Cited by 109 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…In Western countries, colon cancer is the third most common cancer type and is a main reason of morbidity and is the 2nd tumor-related cause of death. 1,2 The factors associated with colon cancer occur include increasing age, environmental factor such as alcohol 3 and genetic factors such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) inherit a germ line mutation of the APC gene. 4 The incidence and mortality rates of CRC are higher among men compared with women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Casticin induced apoptotic cell death and altered associated gene expression in human colon cancer colo 205 cells

Shang

Liu

et al. 2016

Environmental Toxicology

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Casticin, a polymethoxyflavone, derived from natural plant Fructus Viticis exhibits biological activities including anti-cancer characteristics. The anti-cancer and alter gene expression of casticin on human colon cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Flow cytometric assay was used to measure viable cell, cell cycle and sub-G1 phase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca productions, level of mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨ ) and caspase activity. Western blotting assay was used to detect expression of protein level associated with cell death. Casticin induced cell morphological changes, decreased cell viability and induced G2/M phase arrest in colo 205 cells. Casticin increased ROS production but decreased the levels of ΔΨ , and Ca , increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities. The cDNA microarray indicated that some of the cell cycle associated genes were down-regulated such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) (p21, Cip1) and p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 3 (PAK3). TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), CREB1 (cAMP responsive element binding protein 1) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) (p27, Kip1) genes were increased but matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), PRKAR2B (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, bet), and CaMK4 (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV) genes were inhibited. Results suggest that casticin induced cell apoptosis via the activation of the caspase- and/or mitochondria-dependent signaling cascade, the accumulation of ROS and altered associated gene expressions in colo 205 human colon cancer cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Casticin induced apoptotic cell death and altered associated gene expression in human colon cancer colo 205 cells

Shang

Liu

et al. 2016

Environmental Toxicology

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“…These mutations involve genes such as KRAS , BRAF , PIK3CA , AKT1 , PTEN , NRAS , and TGFBR2 9–15. Therefore, epigenetic and gene silencing events may increase the progression of colorectal cancer 16. This finding opens new possibilities for high-precision laboratory tests such as the identification of molecular markers in screening tests for noninvasive colorectal adenocarcinoma 17…”

Section: Colorectal Tumormentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy for the treatment of colorectal tumors: focus on approved and in-clinical-trial monoclonal antibodies

Françoso¹,

Simioni²

2017

DDDT

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Colorectal cancer is considered a disease of the elderly population. Since the number of geriatric patients continues to rise, monoclonal antibody therapy is the most promising therapy in the recent research. Presently, the monoclonal antibodies most frequently used in the treatment of colorectal tumors are bevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab, and ramucirumab. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that acts on VEGF. Cetuximab and panitumumab act on EGFR. Ramucirumab binds directly to the ligand-binding pocket of VEGFR-2 to block the binding of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. These monoclonal antibodies, alone or in association with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, are presenting good results and are increasing patient survival, despite the side effects. Due to the limited number of molecules available, several studies are trying to develop new monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of colorectal tumors. Among those being studied, some recent molecules are in phase I and/or II trials and are yielding advantageous results, such as anti-DR5, anti-Fn14, anti-IGF-1R, anti-EGFR, anti-NRP1, and anti-A33 antibodies. This has been successful in reducing side effects and in treating nonresponsive patients.

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“…Worldwide, it is estimated that more than 1 million people develop colorectal cancer each year, with a mortality rate close to 33% in developed countries (Parkin et al, 2005). This cancer presents a complex etiology involving multiples factors such as genetic predisposition and lifestyle habits, especially physical exercise, smoking and diet (Arvelo et al, 2015;Sequetto et al, 2013Sequetto et al, , 2014. Furthermore, different chemical compounds are known for their direct or indirect carcinogenic potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depletion of enteroendocrine and mucus-secreting cells is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis severity and impaired intestinal motility in rats

Novaes

Sequetto

Gonçalves

et al. 2015

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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This study investigated the relationship between enteroendocrine and mucus-secreting cells distribution, the severity of colonic mucosal injury and intestinal motility in experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. Using a standardized murine model of colorectal carcinogenesis, eight-weeks-old female Wistar rats weighting 147.30 ± 29.15g were randomized into two groups receiving a subcutaneous injection of 0.9% saline (control) or the chemical carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 20 mg/kg per week during 10 weeks. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were more frequent in DMH group compared to control group (P < 0.001). The number of enteroendocrine and mucus-secreting cells, and intestinal motility was reduced in DMH animals (P < 0.05). The distribution of enteric neurons was similar in both groups. In DMH animals there was a direct correlation between colonic motility and distribution of enteroendocrine (R(2) = 0.68, P < 0.05) and mucus-secreting cells (R(2) = 0.77, P < 0.05). Inverse correlation between the number of ACF, mucus-secreting cells (R(2) = -0.57, P < 0.05), and enteroendocrine cells (R(2) = -0.74, P < 0.05) was also observed. There was inverse correlation between the severity of the mucosal lesion, the number of mucus-secreting cells (R(2) = -0.83, P < 0.05) and enteroendocrine cells (R(2) = -0.96, P < 0.05). There was a direct correlation between nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) and ACF number (R(2) = 0.62; P < 0.01). Inverse correlation was also found between AgNOR, the number of mucus-secreting cells (R(2) = -0.76; P < 0.001), and enteroendocrine cells (R(2) = -0.86; P < 0.001). Taken together, the results indicated that colonic malignant transformation is related to depletion of mucus-secreting and enteroendocrine cells, which was a useful indicator of the evolutionary status of intestinal neoplasm, partially explaining the intestinal motility disorders in the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis.

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Biology of colorectal cancer

Cited by 109 publications

References 165 publications

Casticin induced apoptotic cell death and altered associated gene expression in human colon cancer colo 205 cells

Casticin induced apoptotic cell death and altered associated gene expression in human colon cancer colo 205 cells

Immunotherapy for the treatment of colorectal tumors: focus on approved and in-clinical-trial monoclonal antibodies

Depletion of enteroendocrine and mucus-secreting cells is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis severity and impaired intestinal motility in rats

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