Biology of human primitive erythroblasts for application in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis

Abstract

These properties confirm that viable cells with intact nuclei can be obtained at very early gestation for genetic analysis.

Overview and recent developments in cell‐based noninvasive prenatal testing

“…In contrast, fnRBC and trophoblasts are rapidly cleared from the maternal circulation after delivery, with none detectable ≥8 weeks post‐partum 13 . Primitive erythroblasts from the yolk sac are the first fnRBC to appear at 7‐12 weeks gestation, but disappear after 12w, 14 when definitive erythroblasts, derived from the fetal liver, appear. The trophoblasts that enter the maternal circulation can originate from different trophoblast cell types.…”

Cell-based Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (cbNIPT)—A Review on the Current Developments and Future Prospects

“…They are present in the circulation between 6 and 11 weeks of gestation, after which fetal erythropoiesis shifts to the liver. 10 The largest study evaluating their use for cbNIPT was the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Cell Isolation (NIFTY) study in the late 1990s. The investigators isolated fnRBCs from maternal blood by either magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) or FACS, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization on the collected cells with specific probes for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y to detect fetal aneuploidies and determine fetal sex.…”

“…Primitive erythroid progenitor cells are first produced in the embryonic yolk sac. They are present in the circulation between 6 and 11 weeks of gestation, after which fetal erythropoiesis shifts to the liver 10 . The largest study evaluating their use for cbNIPT was the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Cell Isolation (NIFTY) study in the late 1990s.…”

A Biocompatible Nanofibers‐Based Microchip for Isolation and Nondestructive Release of Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells

“…[11][12][13] Although many efforts have been devoted to the development of fNRBC-based NIPD in recent years, the extreme rarity of fNRBCs in maternal peripheral blood makes the isolation challenging for downstream cellular analysis or prenatal diagnostic applications. [14] During past decades, many enrichment platforms, such as density gradient centrifugation, [15] filtration, [16,17] magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) [18] and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), [19,20] have been reported widely, but generally suffered the drawbacks of poor yield, complex operations, and cell loss or damage, which limited the further downstream analysis. [16] In views of the aforementioned inadequacies, further innovative approaches for cell capture are urgently demanded for practical application.…”