Biology of Natural Killer Cells

Trinchieri, Giorgio

doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60664-1

Cited by 2,686 publications

(1,763 citation statements)

References 1,012 publications

(597 reference statements)

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“…NK cells are major effectors of the innate arm of the immune system that play a key role in the elimination of virus-infected and malignant cells [55][56][57]. As for T cells and B cells, NK cell progenitors originate in the BM where they establish close interactions with mesenchymal stromal cells.…”

Section: Msc and Nk Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

2006

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a rare subset of stem cells residing in the bone marrow where they closely interact with hematopoietic stem cells and support their growth and differentiation. MSC can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal and non‐mesenchymal lineages, providing a promising tool for tissue repair. In addition, MSC suppress many T cell, B cell and NK cell functions and may affect also dendritic cell activities. Due to their limited immunogenicity, MSC are poorly recognized by HLA‐incompatible hosts. Based on these unique properties, MSC are currently under investigation for their possible use to treat immuno‐mediated diseases. However, both their condition of immunoprivilege and their immunosuppressive function have recently been challenged when analyzed under particular experimental conditions. Thus, it is likely that MSC effects on the immune system may be deeply influenced not only by cell‐to‐cell interactions, but also by environmental factors shaping their phenotype and functions.

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Section: Msc and Nk Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells

2006

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“…Furthermore, many CD3 À CD56 1 lymphocytes do not lyse NK-cell targets when tested ex vivo and only acquire lytic activity after in vitro stimulation with cytokines. In fact, the large granular CD3 À CD56 1 lymphocytes with ''natural'' cytotoxicity that express low levels of CD56 (CD56 dim ) and high levels of the Fcg-receptor type III (CD16) [1][2][3][4] represent only a minority of all of the CD3 À CD56 1 lymphocytes in the body [5,6]. CD56 dim that provide first-line defense against viruses [7,8] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, they can be identified on the basis of a CD3 À CD56 1 phenotype [1][2][3], which excludes the subpopulation of T cells that coexpress CD56. However, this long-established definition of NK cells may be inadequate because CD3 À CD56 1 lymphocytes are heterogeneous and capable of exerting various effector functions other than killing cells with altered expression of self-MHC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD56^bright NK cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are activated mature NK cells that expand in patients with low numbers of T cells

et al. 2010

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We studied early NK-cell recovery in 29 allografted patients undergoing different lymphoreductive regimens. Already at 2 wk after graft take, the number of NK cells had reached (supra)normal levels but NK-cell subsets were skewed. The number of CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells was low and correlated strongly with the level of hematopoiesis, whereas the number of the more abundant NK cells expressing high levels of CD56 did not. Post-transplant CD56 bright NK cells (ptCD56 bright ) differed from CD56 bright NK cells in normal controls (CD56 bright ) in being HLA-DR-and perforin-positive, CCR7 À , CD27 À , CD127 À and mostly c-kit À . CD56 bright from normal controls stimulated by IL-15 in vitro (NK ) acquired all the characteristics distinguishing CD56 bright from ptCD56 bright . IL-2 exerted similar effects. Moreover, when cultured without cytokines, ptCD56 bright , CD56 bright and NK responded similarly by upregulating CD127 and c-kit but not CCR7. IL-12 stimulated IFN-c production in ptCD56 bright , whereas CD56 bright responded only to IL-12 plus IL-15. Hence, ptCD56 bright have all the features of cytokine-stimulated CD56 bright . Because only patients with low numbers of T cells had high numbers of ptCD56 bright , we conclude that ptCD56 bright are activated CD56 bright that expand while competing with T cells for the elevated post-transplant level of IL-15.Key words: HSC transplantation . Human . Natural killer cells IntroductionIn humans, most lymphocytes without rearranged antigenreceptors express CD56 and are referred to as NK cells. Accordingly, they can be identified on the basis of a CD3 À CD56 1 phenotype [1][2][3], which excludes the subpopulation of T cells that coexpress CD56. However, this long-established definition of NK cells may be inadequate because CD3 À CD56 1 lymphocytes are heterogeneous and capable of exerting various effector functions other than killing cells with altered expression of self-MHC. Furthermore, many CD3 À CD56 1 lymphocytes do not lyse NK-cell targets when tested ex vivo and only acquire lytic activity after in vitro stimulation with cytokines. In fact, the large granular CD3 À CD56 1 lymphocytes with ''natural'' cytotoxicity that express low levels of CD56 (CD56 dim ) and high levels of the Fcg-receptor type III (CD16) [1][2][3][4] represent only a minority of all of the CD3 À CD56 1 lymphocytes in the body [5,6]. CD56 dim that provide first-line defense against viruses [7,8] 3246less abundant population of NK cells in peripheral blood expresses much higher levels of CD56 (CD56 bright ), the receptor for IL-7 (CD127), the receptor for SCF c-kit, the lymph nodehoming receptor CCR7, and displays only little cytolytic activity [3][4][5][9][10][11][12]. Approximately, half of the CD56 bright in peripheral blood express CD27, a marker virtually absent from CD56 dim [13][14][15]. Hence, CD56 bright in peripheral blood are identical or closely related to the NK cells residing in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) that produce cytokines to guide the adaptive immune response [4-6,...

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“…Elles se développent principalement dans la moelle osseuse [5]. L'utilisation de souris transgéniques dans lesquelles la green fluorescent protein (GFP) est sous contrôle du promoteur du gène codant pour le facteur de transcription Id2 -qui joue un rôle très important dans le développement des cellules NK -a montré que les cellules GFP + Lin -dans ces souris sont d'authentiques précurseurs NK et que leur potentiel est restreint aux cellules NK.…”

Section: Développement Et Maturation Des Cellules Nkunclassified