Biology of the Fall Armyworm
1
on Four Varieties of Bermudagrass
2
When Held at Constant Temperatures
3

Combs, R. L.; Valério, José R.

doi:10.1093/ee/9.4.393

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…This difference in the duration of the larval instars after the fourth instar agrees with observations reported for S. albula, S. cosmioides, S. dolichos and S. eridania reared under the same conditions (Montezano et al, 2013a(Montezano et al, , 2014b(Montezano et al, , 2015b. Studies addressing the differences between sexes during S. frugiperda larval development report those findings can depend on diet, temperature and biotype (host plant and locality), with reports of no differences (Combs & Valerio, 1980;Clavijo et al, 1991;Giolo et al, 2002) or females developing faster than males (Giolo et al, 2002;Nagoshi, 2011). For duration of pupal development, however, this study reported that development was longer for males than females (Table 2); this difference between sexes is well documented for S. frugiperda (e.g., Combs & Valerio, 1980;Pencoe & Martin, 1982;Parra & Carvalho, 1984;Crocomo & Parra, 1985;Lynch et al, 1989;Pantoja et al, 1987;Clavijo et al, 1991, Santos et al, 2003.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The high pupal survival reported here may be related to the availability of sterilized vermiculite, which avoids contamination, and facilitates the burrowing and chamber construction process, facilitating gaseous exchange and maintenance of humidity. Pupal duration was approximately nine days (Table 1), similar to other studies with favorable temperature conditions and suitable artificial diets or host plants (e.g., Campos F. 1970;Piedra, 1974;Kasten Jr. et al, 1978;Combs & Valerio, 1980;Pencoe & Martin, 1982;Pitre & Hogg, 1983;Parra & Carvalho, 1984;Crocomo & Parra, 1985;Pantoja, Smith, & Robinson, 1987;Castro & Pitre, 1988;Clavijo et al, 1991;Rizzo & La Rossa, 1992;Giolo et al, 2002;Murúa et al, 2003Murúa et al, , 2008Santos et al, 2003;Busato et al, 2005Busato et al, , 2008. Pupal weight was extremely variable (143 to 342 mg) (Table 4) but this variation was similar to that reported for specimens collected and reared in similar conditions in Brazil (140-340 mg) (Giolo et al, 2002) and in the United States (150-350 mg) (Leuck & Perkins 1972).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Studies addressing the differences between sexes during S. frugiperda larval development report those findings can depend on diet, temperature and biotype (host plant and locality), with reports of no differences (Combs & Valerio, 1980;Clavijo et al, 1991;Giolo et al, 2002) or females developing faster than males (Giolo et al, 2002;Nagoshi, 2011). For duration of pupal development, however, this study reported that development was longer for males than females (Table 2); this difference between sexes is well documented for S. frugiperda (e.g., Combs & Valerio, 1980;Pencoe & Martin, 1982;Parra & Carvalho, 1984;Crocomo & Parra, 1985;Lynch et al, 1989;Pantoja et al, 1987;Clavijo et al, 1991, Santos et al, 2003. The developmental delay of females during the larval stage was compensated by a faster pupal development, resulting in synchronization between male and female adult emergence, which was also reported for other species of Spodoptera reared under the same conditions (Montezano et al, 2013a(Montezano et al, , 2014b(Montezano et al, , 2015b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental Parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages Under Controlled and Standardized Conditions

Montezano¹,

Specht²,

Sosa–Gómez³

et al. 2019

JAS

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The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797), is the most important noctuid pest in the Americas and has recently become an invasive pest in Africa and in India. Having a detailed and standardized record of the biology and the larval development of S. frugiperda will be critical to further studies on integrated pest management, toxicology, and applied ecology. This study reports the temporal and morphological parameters of the immature stages of S. frugiperda for larvae fed on artificial diet under controlled conditions (25±1 °C, 70±10% RH and 14 hour photophase). The survival of the egg, larval, prepupal and pupal stages was 97.40, 98.33, 99.32 and 97.95%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larval, prepupal and pupal stages were 2.69, 13.73, 1.43, and 9.24 days, respectively. All larvae passed through six instars, with significantly slower larval development for females. However, females had faster pupal development and heavier pupae, thus total time from egg to adult was not significantly different between sexes. With the growing importance of this highly polyphagous species, centralizing the fragmented information in the literature and standardizing its rearing methods will improve and facilitate future studies on this pest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Developmental Parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages Under Controlled and Standardized Conditions

Montezano¹,

Specht²,

Sosa–Gómez³

et al. 2019

JAS

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show abstract

“…D, ANOVA significant (violation), regression insignificant (isomorphy). Data from Combs and Valerio (1980). In C and D, change in the proportion of the time spent in one stage changes inversely the other proportions.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Of Individual Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly (fig. 3D), data for male and female larvae and pupae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, reared on four varieties of Bermuda grass(Combs and Valerio 1980), indicated the brown-tail moth data show a clear linear trend (fig. 3C), while the fall armyworm data show an up and down pattern (fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmental Rate Isomorphy in Insects and Mites

Jaros̆ı́k¹,

Honěk²,

Dixon³

2002

The American Naturalist

144

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When the proportion of total developmental time spent in a particular developmental stage does not change with temperature, an organism shows "rate isomorphy." This is the case only if the lower developmental threshold is the same for all developmental stages. In this study, the incidence of rate isomorphy in seven species of mites and 342 species from 11 insect orders (some represented by several populations) was determined. Whether a species shows rate isomorphy or not was determined over a range of temperatures where the relationship between the rate of development and temperature is linear. Proportion of total developmental time spent in a particular stage was plotted against temperature and the existence of rate isomorphy inferred from a zero change in proportion. Rate isomorphy was detected in 243 (57%) of 426 populations. In the rest of the cases, rate isomorphy was violated by deviations in the proportion of time spent in a stage by an average of 0.2% (range 4.5E-06% to 2.8%) at the mean of the range of temperatures of all the data sets (11 degrees C). The violations occurred most frequently at the extremes of the linear phase, which is attributed to methodical biases, mortality at low temperatures, or too coarse an estimate of developmental time at high temperatures. Similarly, a meta-analysis also revealed an overall prevalence of rate isomorphy. Consequently, in insect and mite species, all the developmental stages appear to have the same population-specific lower developmental threshold. The existence of rate isomorphy could be of great practical importance, for example, in the timing of life-history events and in determining preadult thermal requirements. There are also indications that it may act as a phylogenetic constraint.

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Limited sex differences in plastic responses suggest evolutionary conservatism of thermal reaction norms: A meta-analysis in insects

et al. 2022

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Temperature has a profound effect on the growth and development of ectothermic animals. However, the extent to which ecologically driven selection pressures can adjust thermal plastic responses in growth schedules is not well understood. Comparing temperature‐induced plastic responses between sexes provides a promising but underexploited approach to evaluating the evolvability of thermal reaction norms: males and females share largely the same genes and immature environments but typically experience different ecological selection pressures. We proceed from the idea that substantial sex differences in plastic responses could be interpreted as resulting from sex‐specific life‐history optimization, whereas similarity among the sexes should rather be seen as evidence of an essential role of physiological constraints. In this study, we performed a meta‐analysis of sex‐specific thermal responses in insect development times, using data on 161 species with comprehensive phylogenetic and ecological coverage. As a reference for judging the magnitude of sex specificity in thermal plasticity, we compared the magnitude of sex differences in plastic responses to temperature with those in response to diet. We show that sex‐specific responses of development times to temperature variation are broadly similar. We also found no strong evidence for sex specificity in thermal responses to depend on the magnitude or direction of sex differences in development time. Sex differences in temperature‐induced plastic responses were systematically less pronounced than sex differences in responses induced by variations in larval diet. Our results point to the existence of substantial constraints on the evolvability of thermal reaction norms in insects as the most likely explanation. If confirmed, the low evolvability of thermal response is an essential aspect to consider in predicting evolutionary responses to climate warming.

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Biology of the Fall Armyworm 1 on Four Varieties of Bermudagrass 2 When Held at Constant Temperatures 3

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Developmental Parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages Under Controlled and Standardized Conditions

Developmental Parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages Under Controlled and Standardized Conditions

Developmental Rate Isomorphy in Insects and Mites

Limited sex differences in plastic responses suggest evolutionary conservatism of thermal reaction norms: A meta-analysis in insects

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