Biology of the Gonococcus: Disease and Pathogenesis

Shaughnessy, Jutamas; Ram, Sanjay; Rice, Peter A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9496-0_1

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 215 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Subsequently this may cause scarring and occlusion (e.g., causing tubal factor infertility (TFI), ectopic pregnancy in women and urethral stricture in men) [38]. If Ng enters the bloodstream and disseminates, interacting with other host cell types (e.g., blood vessel endothelial dendritic cells, macrophages), it may cause skin and/or joint/tendon infection, and more rarely endocarditis or meningitis and other systemic sequelae [39]. Pregnant women can transmit Ng to their newborns during delivery, which may result in neonatal conjunctivitis and/or rarely, disseminated infection.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Applying a Novel Approach to Scoping Review Incorporating Artificial Intelligence: Mapping the Natural History of Gonorrhoea

Whelan

Ghoniem

Médoc

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThis scoping review presents the results of three distinct search strategies combined to identify and map the range of conditions (clinical presentations, complications, coinfections and health problems) associated with gonorrhoea infection. We also report use of a novel artificial-intelligence-(AI)-assisted Medline search tool. MethodsTo fully characterize the range of health outcomes associated with gonorrhoea, we combined a structured preliminary search with a traditional systematic search, then supplemented with the output of a novel AI-assisted Medline search to identify eligible literature. ResultsWe identified 189 health conditions associated with gonorrhoea infection from107 unique references and 21 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Ninth and Tenth Revision (ICD 9/10) or Read codes. Pathogenic processes relating to these outcomes were also briefly summarized. The 189 identified health conditions were related to infection of the urogenital tract (n=86), anorectal tract (n=6) oropharyngeal tract (n=5) and the eye (n=14); and other conditions such as systemic (n=61) and neonatal conditions (n=7), psychosocial associations (n=3), and co-infections (n=7). The 107 unique references attained a Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) score of ≥2++ (n=2), 2+ (14 [13%]), 2- (30 [28%]) and 3 (45 [42%]), respectively. Remaining papers (n=16) were reviews. ConclusionsThrough AI screening of Medline, we captured – titles, abstracts, case reports and case series related to rare but serious health conditions. These outcomes might otherwise have been missed during a systematic search. The AI-assisted search provided a useful addition to traditional/manual literature searches especially when rapid results are required.

show abstract

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Applying a Novel Approach to Scoping Review Incorporating Artificial Intelligence: Mapping the Natural History of Gonorrhoea

Whelan

Ghoniem

Médoc

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Men with gonorrhea usually develop symptoms and generally seek treatment. In contrast, women who develop gonococcal cervicitis rarely report overt inflammatory symptoms [2,3]. Thus, gonorrhea in women is largely undiagnosed, under-reported, and untreated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, gonorrhea in women is largely undiagnosed, under-reported, and untreated. Prolonged infections can progress into pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with long-term sequelae (chronic pelvic/abdominal pain, tissue scarring, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility) or disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) [2]. Other major implications of N. gonorrhoeae infection include exacerbated risk of transmission and increased susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Observations of Gonococcal Infections in Women and Prevention Strategies

Costa-Lourenço

et al. 2021

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is rapidly developing antimicrobial resistance. There is an urgent need for an effective gonococcal vaccine. In this study we examined epidemiological and clinical factors associated with gonorrhea in a cohort of women exposed to men with gonococcal urethritis attending the National Center for STD Control clinic in Nanjing, China, to understand the natural history and the risk factors for gonorrhea in this vulnerable population. This analysis will help identify the best target populations for vaccination, which is essential information for the development of vaccine strategies. We observed that 75% of the women in our cohort yielded a N. gonorrhoeae positive culture (infected women) and reported multiple sexual exposures to their infected partner. Infected women were younger than exposed but uninfected women. Contrary to the general belief that gonorrhea is asymptomatic in most women, 68% of the infected women acknowledged symptoms during their STD clinic visit, and overt inflammatory responses were detected upon medical examination in 88% of subjects. Other sexually transmitted infections were detected in 85% of subjects. This study confirmed that N. gonorrhoeae infections are underdiagnosed in women and, consequentially, untreated. Thus, our analysis reinforces the need to establish strategies for gonococcal prevention through the determination of the target population for a gonococcal vaccine.

show abstract

“… Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the main causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. There were 555,608 reported cases of gonorrhea reported in the United States in 2017 and an estimated 86.9 million worldwide, as well as an alarming rise in antibiotic resistance ( 1 , 2 ). There are three major problems that complicate the treatment of gonorrhea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a New Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV Pilus Assembly Factor, TfpC

Yin

Ozer

et al. 2020

mBio

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neisseria gonorrhoeae relies on type IV pili (T4p) to promote colonization of their human host and to cause the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. This organelle cycles through a process of extension and retraction back into the bacterial cell. Through a genetic screen, we identified the NGO0783 locus of N. gonorrhoeae strain FA1090 as containing a gene encoding a protein required to stabilize the type IV pilus in its extended, nonretracted conformation. We have named the gene tfpC and the protein TfpC. Deletion of tfpC produces a nonpiliated colony morphology, and immuno-transmission electron microscopy confirms that the pili are lost in the ΔtfpC mutant, although there is some pilin detected near the bacterial cell surface. A copy of the tfpC gene expressed from a lac promoter restores pilus expression and related phenotypes. A ΔtfpC mutant shows reduced levels of pilin protein, but complementation with a tfpC gene restored pilin to normal levels. Bioinformatic searches show that there are orthologues in numerous bacterial species, but not all type IV pilin-expressing bacteria contain orthologous genes. Coevolution and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicates that TfpC contains an N-terminal transmembrane helix, a substantial extended/unstructured region, and a highly charged C-terminal coiled-coil domain. IMPORTANCE Most bacterial species express one or more extracellular organelles called pili/fimbriae that are required for many properties of each bacterial cell. The Neisseria gonorrhoeae type IV pilus is a major virulence and colonization factor for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. We have discovered a new protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae called TfpC that is required to maintain type IV pili on the bacterial cell surface. There are similar proteins found in other members of the Neisseria genus and many other bacterial species important for human health.

show abstract

Biology of the Gonococcus: Disease and Pathogenesis

Cited by 13 publications

References 215 publications

Applying a Novel Approach to Scoping Review Incorporating Artificial Intelligence: Mapping the Natural History of Gonorrhoea

Applying a Novel Approach to Scoping Review Incorporating Artificial Intelligence: Mapping the Natural History of Gonorrhoea

Epidemiological and Clinical Observations of Gonococcal Infections in Women and Prevention Strategies

Discovery of a New Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV Pilus Assembly Factor, TfpC

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About