Biology of the Mycoplasmas

Tully, Joseph G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-9874-5_1

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Observations of intact mycoplasmas taken from culture show that although they occur most frequently as simple spheres or filamentous bodies they are capable of becoming freely branched or even giving rise to mycelial complexes (Razin, 1978;Tully, 1978). Other modifications of form, such as rings and beaded chains, have also been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vivo Three-dimensional Form of a Plant Mycoplasma-like Organism by the Analysis of Serial Ultrathin Sections

Waters

Hunt

1980

Microbiology

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Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) associated with lethal yellowing disease of coconut palms exhibited a range of different morphologies even within the same sieve element. The morphologies were revealed by graphic reconstruction from ribbons of serial ultrathin sections containing 45 sections. Five different morphotypes were recognized amongst the 120 organisms reconstructed. MLO could be saccate, erythrocyte-like, cylindrical, moniliform or filiform. The different morphotypes showed differences in linear dimensions apart from their particular morphological characteristics. Saccate MLO were generally the smallest, the maximum length being 1 pm, whilst the filiform organisms could be more than 16 ,um long. The morphologies of the MLO were analogous to those now recognized as usual for Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species in vitro during the later stages of development. Comparison of the individual profile shapes used in the reconstructions with those of MLO from other diseased plants suggest that many previous interpretations of MLO morphology may have been too simple. With the insight provided by the understanding of the relationship between profile shape and three-dimensional form, the ultrastructure of individual profiles is shown to be an important indicator of form. I N T R O D U C T I O NObservations of intact mycoplasmas taken from culture show that although they occur most frequently as simple spheres or filamentous bodies they are capable of becoming freely branched or even giving rise to mycelial complexes (Razin, 1978;Tully, 1978). Other modifications of form, such as rings and beaded chains, have also been described. The elucidation of morphology in vitro began nearly 70 years ago but the exceptionally detailed light microscopic studies of Turner (1 935) provide some of the best early illustrations. More recently, the use of similar or more sophisticated techniques has generally confirmed these early studies despite some controversy over the manner of reproduction and the significance of the numerous biological and physical factors which are known to affect form (

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vivo Three-dimensional Form of a Plant Mycoplasma-like Organism by the Analysis of Serial Ultrathin Sections

Waters

Hunt

1980

Microbiology

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“…Mollicutes (mycoplasmas) are the smallest organisms capable of growing outside a host cell. They have been isolated from a wide variety of plant and animal sources (1,8,16,23). Their structural and biochemical simplicity as well as the small size of their genome (0.5 x 109 to 1 x 109 daltons [Da]) make them useful models for studying basic problems in cell biology, such as those concerning membrane structure and function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene for spiralin, the major membrane protein of the helical mollicute Spiroplasma citri: cloning and expression in Escherichia coli

Mouchès¹,

Candresse²,

Barroso³

et al. 1985

J Bacteriol

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A library of cloned Spiroplasma citri genomic sequences was constructed by incorporating Hindlll digestion fragments into the plasmid vector pBR328. Immunological screening allowed the identification of a recombinant plasmid containing the gene for spiralin, the major membrane protein of S. citri. The spiralin produced by the Escherichia coli transformant was characterized by immunological detection with monoclonal antibody after Western blotting of two-dimensional (isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide) electrophoresis gels and by partial proteolytic mapping. The gene for spiralin occurred within a 6.5-kilobasepair cloned DNA fragment. Spiralin in E. coli was produced regardless of the orientation of the insert within the pBR328 vector. A spiroplasmal DNA sequence which acted as a promoter in E. coli was cloned along with the structural spiralin gene which is expressed in E. coli from that sequence.

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“…ScHMiTT, PETZOLD and MARWITZ Spiroplasmas are wall-less prokaryotes belonging to the class of the Mollicutes. Within the order of the Mycoplasmatales they represent an own family, the Spiroplasmataceae (TULLY 1978). At least two of them up to now are known to be etiological agents of plant diseases, the "Stubborn" disease of Citrus and the corn stunt disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An in situ Freeze‐Fracture Study of Spiroplasma citri and the Corn Stunt Spiroplasma

Schmitt

Petzold

Marwitz

1984

Journal of Phytopathology

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Spiroplasma citri and the corn stunt spiroplasma in sieve cells of Catharanthus roseus were investigated using freeze‐fracture electron microscopy. Only the particle studded fracture faces of the plasmalemma could be exposed and not the surfaces of both the extraplasmatic and the plasmatic leaflet. The extraplasmatic fracture face (EF) shows a lower particle density than the plasmatic fracture face (PF). On the PF particle free areas could be observed, which are helically arranged in helical filaments. We suppose that the cytoplasmic fibrils, probably involved in motility processes and in maintaining the helical shape, underly the particle free area only.

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Biology of the Mycoplasmas

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

The in vivo Three-dimensional Form of a Plant Mycoplasma-like Organism by the Analysis of Serial Ultrathin Sections

The in vivo Three-dimensional Form of a Plant Mycoplasma-like Organism by the Analysis of Serial Ultrathin Sections

Gene for spiralin, the major membrane protein of the helical mollicute Spiroplasma citri: cloning and expression in Escherichia coli

An in situ Freeze‐Fracture Study of Spiroplasma citri and the Corn Stunt Spiroplasma

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