Biology of the sugar-fermenting Sarcinae.

Canale-Parola, E.

doi:10.1128/mmbr.34.1.82-97.1970

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Cultures of this organism produce cellulose (or a closely related compound) which remains tightly associated with the cell wall and has been assigned the structural function of maintaining the cells within the large many-celled packets characteristic of this organism (31). This interpretation is in line with reports that strains of S. ventriculi, which form little or no cellulose, tend to form packets consisting of relatively few cells which are loosely attached to one another (31). The cellulose is not deposited in the cell wall, and removal of the cellulose by cellulase or by treatment with cellulose solvents does not affect the cell wall, which remains intact.…”

Section: Sarcina Ventriculisupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The major end products of glucose metabolism are ethanol, acetate, CO2 and H2. Glucose is catabolized to pyruvate by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and the organism apparently possesses two alternate mechanisms for the anaerobic cleavage of pyruvate (31). Enzymes that may be involved in cellulose synthesis, namely hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, and UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase, have been detected in extracts of S. ventriculi (33).…”

Section: Sarcina Ventriculimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether this morphology can be attributed to the gram-positive cell wall structure of S. ventriculi is an intriguing possibility, especially in view of reports that the cellulose produced by this organism is of the cellulose II type (54). In addition to the role assigned to cellulose as a cell-cementing substance, it has been suggested that it may have also a nutritional role in facilitating the diffusion of nutrients from the growth medium to cells located in the interior region of packets (31). The possibility that the cellulose layer contributes to the remarkable acid tolerance of this organism appears unlikely considering the physiology of S. maxima, which exhibits a similar tolerance but is devoid of an intercellular cellulose layer (31).…”

Section: Sarcina Ventriculimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria.

Ross

Mayer

Benziman

1991

Microbiological Reviews

629

289

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Section: Sarcina Ventriculisupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Sarcina Ventriculimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sarcina Ventriculimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria.

Ross

Mayer

Benziman

1991

Microbiological Reviews

629

289

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“…In cell packets, however, the connecting point of individual cells has not been well defined, except that anaerobic sarcinae are known to have a strong tendency to form cell packets (Bergey's Manual, 8th ed.) in which connecting materials of individual cells are cross walls or cellulose (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall‐Bridge Maintaining Three Dimensional Structure of Cell Packets Formed by the Localized Suppression of Cell Separation of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) Mutant1

Monodane

Matsushima

Kotani

1979

Microbiology and Immunology

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Cell packets of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) mutant strain MT grown in medium supplemented with trypsin consisted of a tetrad as the unit structure. An interstice was observed between the unit-tetrads, and a three dimensional structure of cell packets was maintained by the cell wall-bridge along the rim of the cell packets which linked each unit-tetrad. This unique structure of strain MT cell packets seemed to occur when the cell separation was suppressed locally, i.e., when the cross wall inside the initial site of cell separation was cut off, while the wall outside the initial site of separation was not cut off but remained as a joint of the daughter cells.The mechanism of cell wall-bridge formation is discussed in connection with cell separation.Bacteria in general multiply via the three overlapping stages of cell surface extension, cell division, and cell separation. The suppression of only the last stage brought about by various external factors results in long cell chaining in bacteria which have only one plane of cell division (4-6, 20, 22-24) and in cell packeting in bacteria with three planes of division perpendicular to one another (15 , 17, 27). Electron microscopic studies have revealed that individual cells in the long chains are connected by cross walls (6,20). In cell packets, however, the connecting point of individual cells has not been well defined, except that anaerobic sarcinae are known to have a strong tendency to form cell packets (Bergey's Manual, 8th ed.) in which connecting materials of individual cells are cross walls or cellulose (2).We found that Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) mutant strain MT occurring in tetrads formed cell packets when grown in medium with proteolytic enzymes added (17). This paper reveals that the cell wall-bridge is a material maintaining a regular arrangement of the above mentioned cell packets and discusses how this wall-bridge is formed.

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“…strain JW20, B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. termitidis, and Streptococcus lactis were grown at 30°C in BHIG (37). Sarcina ventriculi was grown at 30°C in MYA medium as described by Canale-Parola (7). E. limosum, Methanospirillum hungatii, and Methanosarcina barkeri were grown at 30°C in basal medium as described by McInerney et al (26) under a gas phase of H2-CO2 (80:20); Desulfovibrio sp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Growth Characteristics of Trichomitopsis termopsidis , a Cellulolytic Protozoan from Termites

Odelson

Breznak

1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Putatively axenic cultures of Trichomitopsis termopsidis 6057, isolated by M. A. Yamin (J. Protozool. 25:535-538, 1978) from the hindgut of Zootermopsis termites, apparently contained methanogenic bacteria, inasmuch as small amounts of CH4 were produced during growth. However, T. termopsidis could be "cured" of methanogenic activity by incubation in the presence of bromoethanesulfonate. Both the cured derivative (6057C) and the parent strain (6057) required NaHCO3 and fetal bovine serum for good growth; the presence of yeast extract in media was stimulatory. Growth of both strains was markedly improved by substituting heat-killed cells of Bacteroides sp. strain JW20 (a termite gut isolate) for heat-killed rumen bacteria in media as a source of bacterial cell material. Heat-killed Bacteroides sp. strain JW20 was the best of a number of bacteria tested, and under these conditions H2 was a major protozoan fermentation product. Growth of T. termopsidis strains was further improved by co-cultivation in the presence of Methanospirillum hungatii. M. hungatii was the best of a number of H2-consuming bacteria tested, and under these conditions CH4, but not H2, was produced, indicating interspecies transfer of H2 between the protozoa and M. hungatii. Both strains of T. termopsidis used powdered, particulate forms of cellulose (e.g., pure cellulose, corncob, cereal leaves) as fermentable energy sources, although powdered wood, chitin, or xylan supported little or no growth. Cells of the cellulose-forming coccus Sarcina ventriculi also served as a fermentable energy source, but these were used poorly as a source of bacterial cell material. The only substantial difference between T. terinopsidis 6057 and 6057C was that the latter grew poorly or not at all with rumen bacteria as a source of bacterial cell material. The improved growth of T. termopsidis in vitro should facilitate further studies on the cell biology and biochemistry of these symbiotic, anaerobic protozoa.

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Biology of the sugar-fermenting Sarcinae.

Cited by 43 publications

References 44 publications

Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria.

Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria.

Cell Wall‐Bridge Maintaining Three Dimensional Structure of Cell Packets Formed by the Localized Suppression of Cell Separation of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) Mutant1

Nutrition and Growth Characteristics of Trichomitopsis termopsidis , a Cellulolytic Protozoan from Termites

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