Biomagnification and Temporal Trends of New and Emerging Dechloranes and Related Transformation Products in Baltic Sea Biota

Haglund, Peter; Rebryk, Andriy

doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00171

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The NORMAN collaborative trials demonstrated that LC-HRMS could only cover part of the chemical domain of organic contaminants and highlighted an urgent need for development of GC-HRMS workflows [9,10]. Screening studies may also focus on compounds that are best analysed with GC-HRMS, for example, addressing bioaccumulation in lipid-rich tissues [165] and volatile compounds in air [166,167]. The general considerations for optimised separation are similar to those for LC-based analyses (Sect.…”

Section: Choice Of Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

NORMAN guidance on suspect and non-target screening in environmental monitoring

Hollender,

Schymanski,

Ahrens

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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Increasing production and use of chemicals and awareness of their impact on ecosystems and humans has led to large interest for broadening the knowledge on the chemical status of the environment and human health by suspect and non-target screening (NTS). To facilitate effective implementation of NTS in scientific, commercial and governmental laboratories, as well as acceptance by managers, regulators and risk assessors, more harmonisation in NTS is required. To address this, NORMAN Association members involved in NTS activities have prepared this guidance document, based on the current state of knowledge. The document is intended to provide guidance on performing high quality NTS studies and data interpretation while increasing awareness of the promise but also pitfalls and challenges associated with these techniques. Guidance is provided for all steps; from sampling and sample preparation to analysis by chromatography (liquid and gas—LC and GC) coupled via various ionisation techniques to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS), through to data evaluation and reporting in the context of NTS. Although most experience within the NORMAN network still involves water analysis of polar compounds using LC–HRMS/MS, other matrices (sediment, soil, biota, dust, air) and instrumentation (GC, ion mobility) are covered, reflecting the rapid development and extension of the field. Due to the ongoing developments, the different questions addressed with NTS and manifold techniques in use, NORMAN members feel that no standard operation process can be provided at this stage. However, appropriate analytical methods, data processing techniques and databases commonly compiled in NTS workflows are introduced, their limitations are discussed and recommendations for different cases are provided. Proper quality assurance, quantification without reference standards and reporting results with clear confidence of identification assignment complete the guidance together with a glossary of definitions. The NORMAN community greatly supports the sharing of experiences and data via open science and hopes that this guideline supports this effort.

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Section: Choice Of Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

NORMAN guidance on suspect and non-target screening in environmental monitoring

Hollender,

Schymanski,

Ahrens

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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“…The present work represents the first multihalogen mass balance investigation in municipal WWTP sludge and offers unique insights into the extracts/extraction procedures which yield high concentrations of unidentified EOX. This approach offers a complementary tool to other nontarget prioritization strategies, such as case-control, 72 time trends, 73 and biomagnification factors, 74 but is unique in that it identifies specific halogen class(es) and extraction technique(s), rather than a specific feature of a mass spectrum. However, despite showing considerable potential for widespread adoption and applications to a wider suite of matrices, there remains a scarcity of reference material necessary for standardization of halogen mass balance methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a paucity of data on the occurrence of lipophilic organofluorine, with the exception of a single report of high EOF in the blubber of a Greenland Killer whale, 20 and a more recent article predicting the environmental occurrence of mixed halogenated n-alkanes (including those containing fluorine). 71 72 time trends, 73 and biomagnification factors, 74 but is unique in that it identifies specific halogen class(es) and extraction technique(s), rather than a specific feature of a mass spectrum. However, despite showing considerable potential for widespread adoption and applications to a wider suite of matrices, there remains a scarcity of reference material necessary for standardization of halogen mass balance methods.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Organohalogen Iceberg: Extractable, Multihalogen Mass Balance Determination in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge

Spaan

Yuan

Plassmann

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The large number and diversity of organohalogen compounds (OHCs) occurring in the environment poses a grand challenge to analytical chemists. Since no single targeted method can identify and quantify all OHCs, the size of the OHC “iceberg” may be underestimated. We sought to address this problem in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge by quantifying the unidentified fraction of the OHC iceberg using targeted analyses of major OHCs together with measurements of total and extractable (organo)halogen (TX and EOX, respectively; where X = F, Cl, or Br). In addition to extensive method validation via spike/recovery and combustion efficiency experiments, TX and/or EOX were determined in reference materials (BCR-461 and NIST SRMs 2585 and 2781) for the first time. Application of the method to WWTP sludge revealed that chlorinated paraffins (CPs) accounted for most (∼92%) of the EOCl, while brominated flame retardants and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) accounted for only 54% of the EOBr and 2% of the EOF, respectively. Moreover, unidentified EOF in nonpolar CP extracts points to the existence of organofluorine(s) with physical–chemical properties unlike those of target PFAS. This study represents the first multihalogen mass balance in WWTP sludge and offers a novel approach to prioritization of sample extracts for follow-up investigation.

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“…The present work represents the first multi-halogen mass balance investigation in municipal WWTP sludge, and offers unique insights into the extracts/extraction procedures which yield high concentrations of unidentified EOX. This prioritization offers a complementary tool to other non-target prioritization approaches, such as case-control, 64 time trends, 65 and biomagnification factors, 66 but is unique in that it identifies specific halogen class(es) and extraction technique(s), rather than a specific feature of a mass spectrum. While showing considerable potential for widespread adoption and applications to a wider suite of matrices, this approach has several limitations and areas for further development, which should be addressed in future studies.…”

Section: Perspectives and Limitations On The Use Of Ohc Mass Balance ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Organohalogen Iceberg: Extractable, multi-halogen mass balance determination in municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge

Spaan

Yuan

Plassmann

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The large number and diversity of organohalogen compounds (OHCs) occurring in the environment poses a grand challenge to analytical chemists. Since no single targeted method can identify and quantify all OHCs, the size of the OHC iceberg may be underestimated. We sought to address this problem in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge by quantifying the unidentified fraction of the OHC iceberg using targeted analyses of major OHCs together with measurements of total- and extractable (organo)halogen (TX and EOX, respectively; where X=F, Cl, or Br). In addition to extensive method validation via spike/recovery and combustion efficiency experiments, TX and/or EOX were determined in reference materials (BCR-461 and NIST SRMs 2585 and 2781) for the first time. Application of the method to WWTP sludge revealed that chlorinated paraffins (CPs) accounted for most (~92%) of the EOCl, while brominated flame retardants and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) accounted for only 54% of the EOBr and 2% of the EOF, respectively. Moreover, unidentified EOF in non-polar CP extracts points to the existence of organofluorine(s) with physical-chemical properties unlike those of target PFAS. This study represents the first multi-halogen mass balance in WWTP sludge, and offers a novel approach to prioritization of sample extracts for follow-up investigation.

show abstract

Biomagnification and Temporal Trends of New and Emerging Dechloranes and Related Transformation Products in Baltic Sea Biota

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

NORMAN guidance on suspect and non-target screening in environmental monitoring

NORMAN guidance on suspect and non-target screening in environmental monitoring

Characterizing the Organohalogen Iceberg: Extractable, Multihalogen Mass Balance Determination in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge

Characterizing the Organohalogen Iceberg: Extractable, multi-halogen mass balance determination in municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge

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