Biomagnification of organohalogens in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from its main prey species in three areas of the Baltic Sea

Vuorinen, Pekka J.; Keinänen, Marja; Kiviranta, Hannu; Koistinen, Jaana; Kiljunen, Mikko; Myllylä, Timo; Pönni, Jukka; Peltonen, Heikki; Verta, Matti; Karjalainen, Juha

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.002

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…After homogenization of all specimens within each of the pools, the equipment was thoroughly washed and rinsed with purified ethanol (≥94%). The efficiency of this homogenisation procedure was satisfactory, as demonstrated in an earlier study that reported concentrations of environmental toxicants of these herring and sprat homogenates/pools [42]. Homogenates were sampled for the analysis of FAs (20 g) and thiamine (5 g), with the subsamples being stored at −80 °C for four to six weeks prior to analysis.…”

Section: Sampling Of Sprat and Herringmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The total lipid content of whole body homogenates of sprat and herring was derived from the procedure for the analysis of organohalogen concentrations [42] at the National Institute for Health and Welfare. Briefly, subsamples of homogenates (ca.…”

Section: Biochemical Analyses Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sprat, and specifically in young sprat, the content of unsaturated FAs is expected to be higher than in herring, but the dominance of MUFAs and DHA and their possible relationships with thiamine also needed to be clarified. Prey fish of an appropriate size for salmon [17] were analysed as whole fish to simulate the salmon diet, similarly to some previous studies on lipid and thiamine contents in sprat and herring [18,41,42].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fatty acid composition of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea as potential prey for salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2017

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Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and small herring (Clupea harengus) are the dominant prey fish of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic Sea. If the fatty acid (FA) proportions of sprat and herring differ, the dietary history of ascending salmon could be determined from their FA profiles. Therefore, we investigated the FA composition of several age groups of whole sprat and small herring, caught from the three main feeding areas of salmon in autumn and spring. Oleic acid (18:1n-9) was the most prevalent FA in sprat and characteristic of this species. In herring, palmitic acid (16:0) was the most common FA, but herring lipid was characterized by n-6 polyunsaturated FAs, and moreover, by palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7). Due to the higher lipid content of sprat, the concentrations of all other FAs, excluding these, were higher in sprat than in herring. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) increased with an increase in the lipid content and was consequently highest in the youngest specimens, being in young sprat almost double that of young herring, and 2.6 times higher in the sprat biomass than in that of herring. As a result of a decrease in the DHA concentration with age, the ratio thiamine/DHA increased with respect to age in both species, and was lower in sprat than in herring. It is concluded that an abundance of DHA in the diet of salmon most likely increases oxidative stress because of the susceptibility of DHA to peroxidation, and thus decreases thiamine resources of fasting, prespawning salmon. Because the FA composition of sprat and herring differs, and the relative abundancies of prey fish differ between the feeding areas of salmon, the feeding area of ascending salmon can most probably be derived by comparing their FA profiles.

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Section: Sampling Of Sprat and Herringmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Biochemical Analyses Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Fatty acid composition of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea as potential prey for salmon (Salmo salar)

et al. 2017

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“…60% of muscle lipids during the whole spawning run (Vuorinen et al ., ) when FA from storage lipids (TAG) are metabolized for various physiological processes including gamete development (Jobling, ). Hence the lipid content in S. salar at the time of spawning is considerably lower than during the marine feeding phase (Kiljunen et al ., ; Vuorinen et al ., , ). As a result, muscle storage FA in spawning S. salar might no longer optimally represent the FA composition of their prey species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the marine feeding area on the muscle and egg fatty‐acid composition of Atlantic salmonSalmo salarspawners estimated from the scale stable isotopes

Torniainen

Kainz

Jones

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Biology

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Fatty acids in muscle tissue and eggs of female Atlantic salmon Salmo salar spawners were analysed to evaluate the dietary quality of their final feeding areas in the Baltic Sea. The final likely feeding area was identified by comparing stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of the outermost growth region (final annulus) of scales of returned S. salar with that of reference S. salar caught from different feeding areas. Some overlap of stable-isotope reference values among the three areas, in addition to prespawning fasting, decreased the ability of muscle tri-acylglycerols to discriminate the final likely feeding area and the area's dietary quality. Among three long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6), the proportions of ARA in total lipids of spawning S. salar muscle and eggs showed a significant negative correlation with increasing probability of S. salar having returned from the Baltic Sea main basin (i.e. the Baltic Sea proper). The results suggest that ARA in muscle and eggs is the best dietary indicator for dietary characteristics of final marine feeding area dietary characteristics among S. salar in the Baltic Sea.

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“…on seasonal changes in lipid content connected with physiological cycles (e.g. reproduction), age, feeding habits and the environmental conditions [18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] have been investigating the impact of seasonal changes in the concentrations of halogenated organic compounds in the Baltic salmon, due to the spawning run phenomenon, which remains insufficiently recognized.…”

Section: Sample Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (PCDD), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDF) and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Dl-PCB) in the Baltic and Arctic Fish and the Further Trophic Transfer of these Pollutants to Seabirds

Niemirycz¹,

Szlinder-Richert²,

Roots³

et al. 2017

J Marine Sci Res Dev

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The study presents the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) in fish and seabirds from the Baltic Sea area and the Arctic region (the Svalbard Archipelago). Long-time studies revealed no significant temporal trends in PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations in fish from the Baltic Sea. Trace amounts of PCDD/F were detected in the Arctic fish as an evidence of their anthropogenic sources from the temperate zone, however congener profile in the cod was entirely different than in the Baltic fish. On the contrary, both concentrations and profiles of dl-PCB were comparable in cod from the Baltic Sea and from the polar region. PCDD/F`s congener profile in African penguin`s tissues breed in captivity and fed only by herring exhibited a clear resemblance to the profiles measured in herring. This indicates a relevant impact of diet (fish) on PCDD/F`s level in seabirds. Diet impact on the further transfer of these xenobiotics in the trophic chain, evidenced in the presented study, appears to be of the particular relevance due to the human health.

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Biomagnification of organohalogens in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from its main prey species in three areas of the Baltic Sea

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Fatty acid composition of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea as potential prey for salmon (Salmo salar)

Fatty acid composition of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea as potential prey for salmon (Salmo salar)

Influence of the marine feeding area on the muscle and egg fatty‐acid composition of Atlantic salmonSalmo salarspawners estimated from the scale stable isotopes

Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (PCDD), Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDF) and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Dl-PCB) in the Baltic and Arctic Fish and the Further Trophic Transfer of these Pollutants to Seabirds

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