Biomarcadores Radiômicos de Precisão: uma breve introdução, alguns desenvolvimentos técnicos e várias aplicações clínicas

Abstract

Computer tools have been part of the clinical routine on a daily basis for radiological image interpretation. However, they are limited to quantifying basic information about the lesions that a medical examination may present, like a nodule size or mass volume.Radiomic biomarkers emerged in this context to address this problem by quantifying the images massively and characterizing them comprehensively to allow the precision phenotyping needed in the current personalized medicine era. Thus, this book chapter introduces some robust radiomic biomarkers identified in the past few years for different pathological imaging patterns of diseases from two critical human systems, i.e., respiratory and musculoskeletal. The text initiates with the primary motivation for radiomic biomarker development, discovery, and validation. The following sections present a quick background with the basic theory for the remainder of the manuscript. Finally, the chapter approaches the state-of-the-art radiomic precision biomarkers for three different diseases and modalities of medical images: covid-19 in chest radiography, lung neoplasms in computed tomography, and spondyloarthritis in magnetic resonance imaging.