Biomarkers and diagnostic tools for detection of Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is responsible for worldwide chronic bacterial infection in humans affecting approximately half of the world's population. H. pylori is associated with significant morbidity and mortality including gastric cancer. The infection has both direct and indirect impacts on economic and overall well-being of patients; hence, there is a great need for diagnostic markers that could be used in the development of diagnostic kits. Here, we briefly review general aspects of H. pylori infection and the diagnostic biomarkers used in laboratory tests today with a focus on the potential role of microfluidic systems in future immunodiagnosis platforms.

Histopathological Changes in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Specimens: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Value of Routine Histopathologic Examination

“…Indeed, studies have confirmed high prevalence of H. pylori (between 20% and 97%) in Middle Eastern populations, e.g., Iran, Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey [28]. This is important, as H. pylori is responsible for worldwide chronic bacterial infection affecting about half of the world’s population; is associated with morbidity/mortality; is a risk factor for gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcer, and other benign and malignant diseases; has direct/indirect impacts on economic and general well-being of patients; and its eradication is challenging [18, 19, 28]. Nevertheless, in contrast, while reports have suggested that H. pylori could be a cause for gastritis, others found a moderate prevalence of gastritis among adolescents undergoing LSG, but only a small number of these patients were H. pylori positive [29].…”

Helicobacter pylori detection methods in complex samples: a mini-review

“…7 HP is showing an increasing resistance for the routine medical treatments by antibiotics. 3,[10][11][12][13] Thus, HP contamination detection is considerably important to prevent infections or at least diagnose the infection at early stages rather than just after serious disease and symptoms development. HP can cause several diseases, but not all hosts will suffer from symptoms as not all HP strains are seriously pathogenic.…”

“…3,[10][11][12][13] In addition, disease development also depends on host conditions like lifestyle and diet. 3,[10][11][12][13] Thus, the main challenge in HP treatment is to diagnose infection at early stage especially for hosts most likely to develop serious HP-related diseases and in host children. 10 Additionally, diagnosing HP medium contaminations within its susceptible transition routes like food, water and communal facilities will be very important to prevent infections.…”

“…Since the discovery of HP, several techniques have been proposed to detect infection of HP in human both of invasive and non-invasive nature. 11 Invasive methods, like histopathology staining and routine endoscopy, are typically oriented for detection in infected humans especially at late stages. 3,[10][11][12][13] However, non-invasive detection methods can be of in-vivo and in-vitro nature.…”

“…11 Invasive methods, like histopathology staining and routine endoscopy, are typically oriented for detection in infected humans especially at late stages. 3,[10][11][12][13] However, non-invasive detection methods can be of in-vivo and in-vitro nature. 3,7,10,11 Urea Breath Test (UBT) is very common and widely used as in-vivo detection method of HP.…”