Biomarkers and mechanisms of tolerance induction in food allergic patients drive new therapeutic approaches

Baloh, Carolyn; Huffaker, Michelle F.; Laidlaw, Tanya M.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.972103

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…There are several strengths in our study. First, the cord serum levels of antibodies could reflect directly the initial immune status of neonates [34]. Second, the incorporation of twin design could control for shared genetic and environmental confounding factors between twins, enhancing the internal validity of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between cord serum antibodies against phosphorylcholine and bacterial infections in neonates: a prospective cohort study in singletons and twins

Chen,

Zheng,

Tan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background. Antibodies against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) are reported to protect against infection. However, the association between cord serum anti-PC and bacterial infection in neonates is yet to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate these associations among both singletons and twins. Methods. A total of 1007 neonates (329 singletons and 678 twins) within the hospital-based Shenzhen Baoan Birth & Twin cohort were included in this study. Levels of IgM anti-PC, IgG anti-PC, as well as IgM, IgG, and IgA in cord serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Diagnoses of bacterial infections were identified within 0-27 days after birth. Multivariable logistic regression with propensity score adjustment was performed to assess the associations between levels of antibodies and neonatal bacterial infections. Results. The mean (standard deviation) levels of IgM and IgG anti-PC were 46.68 (14.15) ng/ml and 73.68 (30.44) ng/ml, respectively. Neonatal bacterial infections were diagnosed in 24 singletons (7.29%) and 48 twins (7.08%). A higher level of IgM anti-PC was associated with a lower risk of neonatal bacterial infections in the analyses of singletons (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.99) or discordant twin pairs (concerning bacterial infection) (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.20-0.95). Statistically significant association was also shown for IgG among singletons and the first-born twins, but not for IgG anti-PC, IgM, or IgA. Conclusion. A higher cord serum level of IgM anti-PC is associated with a lower risk of bacterial infections in neonates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between cord serum antibodies against phosphorylcholine and bacterial infections in neonates: a prospective cohort study in singletons and twins

Chen,

Zheng,

Tan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Concurrently, a clinical trial demonstrated that peanut OIT can decrease inflammatory cytokine production from DCs through TLR expression modulation, promoting the differentiation of regulatory T cells and inhibiting Th2 formation ( 44 ). It has also been shown that peanut OIT suppresses Th2 inflammatory responses by reducing the expression of CD40, human leukocyte antigen DR, and even CD86, but increasing CD80 expression on DCs ( 45 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Oral Immunotherapy and Low-dose Oral Immunothe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antigen-specific Th2A cells (CD4 + CD45RO + CD27-CD45RBloCRTH2 + CD49d + CD161 + ) undergo a sharp decrease, especially in the first three months of OIT, followed by a gradual decline. The potential mechanisms behind this cell reduction remain unclear, although deletion, anergy, and exhaustion may all contribute ( 44 ). There was a notable decrease in the frequencies of IL-4 + , IL-9 + , and IL-10 + peanut-reactive CD4 + T cells among total CD4 + T cells in peanut-allergic individuals following OIT ( 47 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Oral Immunotherapy and Low-dose Oral Immunothe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-dose oral immunotherapy in immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies

Ma,

Zhu

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Nowadays, the management of food allergies has increasingly moved from conventional oral immunotherapy (OIT) to low-dose OIT or low-dose OIT utilizing hypoallergenic foods. This shift is largely because the latter appears to induce oral tolerance with fewer adverse effects than the former. However, the mechanisms underpinning such differences remain unclear. To better understand these mechanisms, we conducted a comparative study scrutinizing the mechanisms of OIT, especially those of low-dose desensitization. We also summarized articles on low-dose OIT and low-dose OIT using hypoallergenic foods. We examined the efficacy, safety, and immunological parameters of low-dose OIT and those of low-dose OIT with hypoallergenic foods with the aim of shedding some light on low-dose OIT and its therapeutic application in inducing oral tolerance for individuals with food allergies.

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“…However, changes in IgG4 levels or the ratio of food sIgE/IgG4 ratio seems not related to the tolerance development. One explanation may be that IgG4 is not associated with tolerance, as it reflects previous allergen exposure and thus reflects less severe allergy at baseline [ 27 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Aitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Allergen Immunotherapy and Potential Biomarkers for Clinical Evaluation

Şahiner

Giovannini

Escribese

et al. 2023

JPM

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Allergen-immunotherapy (AIT) is an efficacious and disease-modifying treatment option for IgE-mediated diseases. Among these allergic rhinitis, insect venom allergy, food allergy, and allergic asthma are the most common candidates for AIT. AIT gives rise to clinical immunotolerance which may last for years after the treatment cessation. Mechanisms of AIT include suppression of allergic inflammation in target tissues and stimulation of the production of blocking antibodies, especially IgG4 and IgA. These mechanisms are followed by a reduction of underlying allergen-specific Th2 cell-driven responses to the allergens. Tolerance induction takes place through the desensitization of effector cells and stimulation of regulatory T cells that show their effects by mechanisms involving cell-cell cross-talk, but also other mechanisms, e.g., by the production of immunomodulatory cytokines such as, e.g., IL-10 and TGF-beta. From a personalized medical perspective, there is a need for clinical biomarkers of value in selecting responders and optimizing patient care during AIT. Also, a deeper understanding of underlying mechanistic processes will improve AIT’s future outcomes. In this paper, the current knowledge of mechanisms in AIT is reviewed with a special focus on biomarkers of this therapy.

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Biomarkers and mechanisms of tolerance induction in food allergic patients drive new therapeutic approaches

Cited by 7 publications

References 89 publications

Associations between cord serum antibodies against phosphorylcholine and bacterial infections in neonates: a prospective cohort study in singletons and twins

Associations between cord serum antibodies against phosphorylcholine and bacterial infections in neonates: a prospective cohort study in singletons and twins

Low-dose oral immunotherapy in immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies

Mechanisms of Allergen Immunotherapy and Potential Biomarkers for Clinical Evaluation

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