Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia: Clinical needs, limitations and future aspects

Abstract

To cite this version:Angel Cedazo-Minguez, Bengt Winblad. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia: clinical needs, limitations and future aspects. Experimental Gerontology, Elsevier, 2009, 45 (1), pp. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Insulin Levels are Decreased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Women with Prodomal Alzheimer's Disease

“…AD biomarkers in CSF are being intensively investigated [21]. At present, elevated CSF total, or phosphorylated tau proteins and low CSF-Aβ 1−42 are the only biomarkers with enough sensitivity and specificity to serve as useful diagnostic biomarkers for identifying AD in the early stages [17,45].…”

“…The ratio between T-tau and Aβ 1−42 levels has been proposed as the most sensitive for diagnostic proposes [21]. In view of our results, we next investigated if CSF-insulin could be an additional AD biomarker in women.…”

“…Numerous studies have explored the use of the CSF concentration of classical AD hallmarks as biomarkers for an early diagnosis [21]. The ratio between T-tau and Aβ 1−42 levels has been proposed as the most sensitive for diagnostic proposes [21].…”

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

“…No changes in the concentration of p-tau in CSF have been found in acute stroke, depression, PD, and other dementias (i.e. VaD, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy Body dementia) [30,34,36,37] . Thus, p-tau reveals a higher specificity than t-tau for diagnosing AD compared to other types of dementias.…”

Metabolomics in the Study of Alzheimer's Disease

“…Until date, the ratio between total tau protein and Aβ peptide levels in CSF has been proposed as a high sensitive measure for diagnostic purposes for advanced AD patients, which in combination with brain imaging techniques is able to diagnose up to 90% of advanced AD patients, assuming a high economic burden per evaluated subject (ca. 6,000-10,000 euros approximately) [35]. NINCDS/ADRDA criteria includes standard comprehensive assessment protocol including clinical examination, brain imaging, electroencephalography, analyses of blood and CSF (including total tau, phospho-tau, and Aβ ) and a detailed neuropsychological evaluation to diagnose AD.…”