Biomarkers for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A consensus report of the WFSBP task force on biological markers and the World Federation of ADHD

Thome, Johannes; Ehlis, Ann‐Christine; Fallgatter, Andreas J.; Krauel, Kerstin; Lange, Klaus W.; Riederer, Peter; Romanos, Marcel; Taurines, Regina; Tucha, Oliver; Узбеков, М. Г.; Gerlach, Manfred

doi:10.3109/15622975.2012.690535

Cited by 115 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…9 Behavior rating scales, which comprise checklists that examine various behaviors and symptoms, are the most common ADHD assessment tools in schools and communities because of their uncomplicated administration and high time-and cost-efficiency. 10 The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 11 and Conners Rating Scale-Revised (CRS-R) 12 are commonly used diagnostic tools for identifying ADHD in children and adolescents because of their adequately established reliability and validity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rating Scales for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Chang¹,

Wang²,

Tsai³

2016

Pediatrics

106

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CONTEXT: The Child Behavior Checklist-Attention Problem (CBCL-AP) scale and Conners Rating Scale-Revised (CRS-R) are commonly used behavioral rating scales for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of CBCL-AP and CRS-R in diagnosing ADHD in children and adolescents.DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Ovid Medline, and other relevant electronic databases were searched for articles published up to May 2015. STUDY SELECTION:We included studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of either CBCL-AP scale or CRS-R for diagnosing ADHD in pediatric populations in comparison with a defined reference standard. DATA EXTRACTION:Bivariate random effects models were used for pooling and comparing diagnostic performance. RESULTS:We identified and evaluated 14 and 11 articles on CBCL-AP and CRS-R, respectively. The results revealed pooled sensitivities of 0.77, 0.75, 0.72, and 0.83 and pooled specificities of 0.73, 0.75, 0.84, and 0.84 for CBCL-AP, Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised, Conners Teacher Rating Scale-Revised, and Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ), respectively. No difference was observed in the diagnostic performance of the various scales. Study location, age of participants, and percentage of female participants explained the heterogeneity in the specificity of the CBCL-AP.CONCLUSIONS: CBCL-AP and CRS-R both yielded moderate sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing ADHD. According to the comparable diagnostic performance of all examined scales, ASQ may be the most effective diagnostic tool in assessing ADHD because of its brevity and high diagnostic accuracy. CBCL is recommended for more comprehensive assessments.a School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; and b Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan Dr Chang conceptualized and designed the study, performed the analyses, and drafted the initial manuscript; Professor Wang participated in the study selection and data extraction process, conducted the quality assessment of the study, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Professor Tsai participated in the study design, coordinated and supervised data collection, and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript; and all authors approved the fi nal manuscript and are accountable for all aspects of the study. 7,8 Therefore, it is crucial to identify children and adolescents with ADHD so that appropriate treatments and interventions can be applied for preventing the adverse consequences associated with this disorder. DOIDiagnostic criteria for identifying ADHD are based on behavioral symptoms, because of the lack of reliable biological markers for diagnosing ADHD. 9 Behavior rating scales, which comprise checklists that examine various behaviors and symptoms, are the most common ADHD assessment tools in schools and communities because of their uncomplicated administration and high ti...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rating Scales for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Chang¹,

Wang²,

Tsai³

2016

Pediatrics

106

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“…The results of this study suggest a role for glutamate in ADHD. In an investigation of the association between metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7-gene polymorphism and treatment response to methylphenidate, children with the G/A genotype had a more pronounced response rate than children with the G/G genotype [1].…”

Section: Role Of Copy Number Variants In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…olfactory sensitivity, substantial echogenicity) exist. The development of ADHD markers is hindered by sample heterogeneity due to etiological and phenotypic complexity and age-dependent co-morbidities [1].…”

Section: Biological Markers In Diagnosis Of Adhd Biologically Based Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD: Impact of the DSM-5 Criteria on Prevalence of ADHD

Millichap¹,

Millichap²

2014

Pediatr Neurol Briefs

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“…Some studies suggest that diet, exercise and stress may also have shortterm effects on plasma catecholamine levels in children and adolescents with ADHD 14,15 . Upon evaluating the results, some have proposed that the dopamine transporter genotype (DAT1) or methylphenidate response may be used as biomarkers, while others have underlined the importance of sample heterogeneity in studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . A recent meta-analysis reported that 33.8% of the 210 studies evaluated had focused on the main metabolites and enzymes of the monoamine pathway and that norepinephrine (NE), 3-methox, 4,hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were found to be significantly different between cases and controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple lines of c o n v e r g i n g e v i d e n c e f r o m g e n e t i c s , neurophysiology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, and neuropharmacology support the role of these neurotransmitter systems in ADHD, although their interactions with other neurotransmitter systems, gender, and environmental risk factors are still not fully clarified [6][7][8] . Despite extensive evaluations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and urine samples from patients of variable age groups, the search for reliable and replicable biomarkers of ADHD has proven unsatisfactory [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Some studies suggest that diet, exercise and stress may also have shortterm effects on plasma catecholamine levels in children and adolescents with ADHD 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Norepinephrine and Dopamine Levels in Prepubertal Male Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder do not Change with 8 Weeks of Methylphenidate Treatment

Alşen

Resmi

Özek

et al. 2015

Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychophar

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ABS TRACT:Plasma norepinephrine and dopamine levels in prepubertal male children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder do not change with 8 weeks of methylphenidate treatment Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine plasma norepinephrine and dopamine levels at baseline and after 8 weeks of stimulant treatment in pre-pubertal male children with ADHD. Methods:The study group consisted of 50 children (6-12 years old) diagnosed with ADHD. The control group comprised students from a primary school within the epidemiological catchment area of the clinic and was matched for class and age to the ADHD patients. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used to diagnose ADHD and allowed comorbidities. Mental retardation was ruled out with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and impaired functioning. We evaluated disorder severity at the time of assessment using the Clinic Global Impression Scale (CGI). The DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ARS) was also used. All patients were treatment-naive. The parents were advised to use OROS methylphenidate daily with no drug holidays during weekends. No rescue medications (immediate-release methylphenidate) were allowed. The dose started at 18 mg and was titrated to 54 mg in 4 weeks to yield average doses of 1 mg/kg/ day. Baseline and endpoint plasma DA and NE were measured. Results: Baseline plasma NE and DA levels had no statistically significant differences between ADHD patients `and controls (232.0±67.3 versus 232.2±65.3 pg/mL and 169.3±48.4 versus 186.9±40.5 pg/mL). Plasma NE levels in all ADHD subgroups decreased with 8 weeks of stimulant treatment, while changes in DA levels were more complex. Plasma DA levels decreased with treatment in the ADHD-inattentive subgroup but were elevated in the hyperactive/impulsive and combined subgroups. There were no statistically significant differences between ADHD subgroups for these variables. Endpoint NE levels were correlated with endpoint DA levels. There were no statistically significant differences between ADHD subgroups. Plasma NE levels were not related to symptom severity or treatment response. In contrast, baseline DA levels were negatively correlated with ARS total scores. Conclusions: We found no statistically significant differences between plasma levels of NE and DA in a prepubertal male sample with ADHD and controls. Plasma DA and NE levels were correlated at both baseline and the endpoint. Although there was a signal that baseline DA levels may correlate with ADHD symptoms as evaluated via ARS, this was not true for endpoint analyses. Because this negative correlation disappeared after treatment, this finding about baseline DA levels may also be evaluated as an early treatment neuromarker. The negative results could also be explained by our focus on plasma. The recent consensus is that urinary levels of NE and DA may be more informative in patients with ADHD and that concurrent evaluation of multi...

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Biomarkers for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A consensus report of the WFSBP task force on biological markers and the World Federation of ADHD

Abstract: Most likely, no single ADHD biomarker can be identified. However, the use of a combination of markers may help to reduce heterogeneity and to identify homogeneous subtypes of ADHD.

Cited by 115 publications

References 213 publications

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rating Scales for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rating Scales for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-analysis

Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD: Impact of the DSM-5 Criteria on Prevalence of ADHD

Plasma Norepinephrine and Dopamine Levels in Prepubertal Male Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder do not Change with 8 Weeks of Methylphenidate Treatment

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