Biomarkers in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients can be stratified by symptoms, risk factors and electrocardiogram results but cardiac biomarkers also have a prime role both diagnostically and prognostically. The proper diagnosis of ACS requires reliable and accurate biomarker assays to detect evidence of myocardial necrosis. Currently, troponin is the gold standard biomarker for myocardial injury and is used commonly in conjunction with creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and myoglobin to enable a more rapid diagnosis of ACS. Other markers of myocardial necrosis, inflammation and neurohormonal activity have also been shown to have either diagnostic or prognostic utility, but none have been shown to be superior to troponin. The measurement of multiple biomarkers and the use of point of care markers may accelerate current diagnostic protocols for the assessment of such patients.

Association between Myocardial Infarction and Dermatoglyphics: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…1 Inspite of changing lifestyle, food habits and intervention of pharmalogic approaches, MI still continues to be a principal cause of death in many countries. 2,3 Even though the biomarkers [4][5][6] and genetic basis 7,8,9 for MI is comprehensively studied, still the precise underlying genetic cause remains controversial. 10 Dermatoglyphic features have been associated with numerous medical disorders.…”

The Significance of Troponin and Ck-Mb in Association with Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction

“…Specificity of a biomarker depends not only on its ability to avoid cross-reactivity with another associated biological molecules, but also on its biological characteristics which show that the marker is not derived from other tissues, whether in a small amount or pathological condition. Since the organ target of myocardial injury is the heart, cardiac specificity is the most important biological characteristic of MI biomarker [7].…”

“…Besides that, patients with minor MI or non-Q-wave MI might not have elevated AST value. Another biomarker, total CK, is also not cardiac specific because it might be elevated in some conditions includingskeletal muscle injury (distrophy, myopathy and myocitis), brain injury, cardiac cateterisation without myocardial damage, hypothyroidism, stroke, surgery, and convulsive patients without skeletal muscle injury [7,8].…”

“…It is demonstrated that CK-MB may provide some additional useful information in patients with ACS since CK-MB also indicates reinfarction and MI extension. The kinetics of myoglobin, cardiac troponins and CK-MB levels versus time after onset of infarction can be seen in Figure 1 [7,8].…”

Role of serum microRNA-499 as a diagnostic marker in acute myocardial infarction

“…An early diagnostic marker is critical and imperative for appropriate and timely management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. 1 Creatine kinase (CK NAC), CK-MB and high sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs--cnTnT) currently serve as a biomarker in diagnosing AMI 2 and their sensitivity and specifi city in early hours of MI is still not convincing. Recently, several novel markers have been evaluated for their use in early diagnosis of MI and the role of microRNA is promising.…”