Biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview

Abstract

Current methods for HCC diagnosis have not an optimal diagnostic accuracy. The detection of more than one biomarker seems to improve their individual performance and provide an accurate HCC diagnosis approach. Individual gene expression seems to influence whether or not the treatment is successful, since several molecules have interfere with cancer associated pathways and have been related to poor prognosis which condition the lack of effective treatment options. Areas covered: Novel biomarkers have been proposed as a useful tool in each patient prognosis. This article aims to review the recent evidence based on HCC biomarkers which seems to have a regulative role according to tumor cell development leading to a specific biological response. Epigenetic regulation, miRNAs, and genome sequencing analysis propose molecular expression signatures as novel biomarkers which allowed achieve the major goal for the use of biomarkers in clinical practice. Moreover, a deeper analysis for determine the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers has been made. Expert commentary: To improve of methodological designs and sample sizes are needed in order to support the role of biomarkers in HCC. Furthermore, is necessary to consider HCC etiologies and all clinic disease context to carried out clinical phase studies to thrust biomarkers application.

Integrative analysis of the characteristic of lipid metabolism-related genes for the prognostic prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Clinical features, such as AFP, TNM, tumor stage and grade, and other pathological classifications are widely used in the clinical management of HCC [29]. However, these data are biased and lack specificity.…”

Molecular diagnosis and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: achievements and challenges

“…Taken together, the development of lncRNA expression profiling using high-throughput technology for specific HCC biomarkers will no doubt lead to more accurate and precise clinical decision-making having the consequence of better patient care in the future. While the first miRNA (lin-4) was identified two AFP [6] 60.0 85.0 AFP-L3 [6] 84.9 86.4 DCP [6] 80.0 81.0 AFP + AFP-L3 + DCP [6] 94.3 86.4 PON [6] 41.6 85.7 Fuc-PON1 [6] 79.1 53.5 Hsp90α [53] Hsp90α + AFP [53] 93.32 93.70 90.27…”

“…The development of novel and useful biomarkers can be employed as a screening strategy for early diagnosis and prognosis in these high-risk populations, since HCC presents a high mortality rate [6] . Because late diagnosis, resistance to treatment, tumor recurrence, and metastasis cause to low survival, it is essential for developing novel diagnostics and therapeutics of HCC [7] .…”

Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed: a long noncoding RNA with an imperative role in cancer

“…Many scholars were trying to find the satisfactory biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of HCC. 44 – 46 There have been a lot of reports about the correlation between lncRNA and HCC, 47 , 48 and the role of CRNDE for HCC was also very important. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics are the popular methods of detection and analysis at present.…”