Biomarkers in Parkinsonʼs disease

Shtilbans, Alexander; Henchcliffe, Claire

doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e3283550c0d

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, because of the imperfect sensitivity and specificity, a combination of these tests possibly by different modalities has been required to achieve high sensitivity and specificity to date. 20,21 This is a time-consuming and expensive approach that is often difficult to implement in a clinical setting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits

et al. 2014

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confidence: 99%

Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits

et al. 2014

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“…This finding is important as it suggests that the activity of MAO-B in peripheral blood cells may potentially be used as a convenient surrogate biochemical marker for PD diagnosis, and perhaps even as a preclinical marker for at-risk individuals who are otherwise asymptomatic. At present, there is no reliable biomarker for PD, either at the diseased or at the preclinical stage (except for DA-based PET imaging, which is costly and requires highly specialized skills to perform 47 ) 48 . We thus propose that MAO-B might render itself as a useful and economical biomarker for PD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sensitive two-photon probe to selectively detect monoamine oxidase B activity in Parkinson’s disease models

et al. 2014

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The unusually high MAO-B activity consistently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has been proposed as a biomarker; however, this has not been realized due to the lack of probes suitable for MAO-B-specific detection in live cells/tissues. Here we report the first two-photon, small molecule fluorogenic probe (U1) that enables highly sensitive/specific and real-time imaging of endogenous MAO-B activities across biological samples. We also used U1 to confirm the reported inverse relationship between parkin and MAO-B in PD models. With no apparent toxicity, U1 may be used to monitor MAO-B activities in small animals during disease development. In clinical samples, we find elevated MAO-B activities only in B lymphocytes (not in fibroblasts), hinting that MAO-B activity in peripheral blood cells might be an accessible biomarker for rapid detection of PD. Our results provide important starting points for using small molecule imaging techniques to explore MAO-B at the organism level.

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“…PD leads to gradual decline of numerous brain functions, particularly motor function but also cognition, and results in early demise [49]. Classically, clinically manifesting in the form of slow movement of voluntary muscles, resting tremor, muscle stiffness and eventual instability of balance and posture, the disorder is characterized by death and loss of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) of the substantia nigra, a brain region critical in regulating body movement via its projection areas [50,51]. Due to significant heterogeneity of the disease itself, PD symptoms show person to person variability [52, 53], and increasing evidence suggest neurotransmitters in addition to the dopaminergic system are compromised, including the noradrenergic, serotonergic and cholinergic systems that underpin non-motor symptoms.…”

Section: Mirnas As Biomarkers In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs as Circulating Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease

Mushtaq¹,

Greig

Anwar³

et al. 2016

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Detection of markers for neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) within brain tissue of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients has always been hampered by our inability to access tissue from living human subjects and obtain biopsy samples of key regions implicated in disease occurrence and progression. Currently, diagnosis of NDDs is principally based on clinical observation of symptoms that present at later stages of disease progression, followed by additional neuroimaging and, possibly, CSF evaluation. A way to potentially detect and diagnose NDDs at a far earlier stage is to screen for abnormal levels of specific disease markers within the peripheral circulation of patients with NDDs. Increasing evidence suggests that there is dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in NDDs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as biofluids, such as plasma, serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid, contain miRNAs that can be identified and quantified. This opens the potential for circulating levels of miRNAs within blood or other biofluids to be characterized and used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker screen to support early disease detection and possible disease progression monitoring of NDDs such as AD and PD. Plainly, such a potential screen is only possible with a clear understanding of which miRNAs change with disease, and when this occurs during the progression of AD and PD. Such information is becoming increasingly available and in the near future may not only support disease diagnosis but provide the opportunity to evaluate therapeutic interventions earlier in the disease process where their targets may be more relevant to delay AD or PD progression.

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Biomarkers in Parkinsonʼs disease

Cited by 57 publications

References 45 publications

Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits

Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits

A sensitive two-photon probe to selectively detect monoamine oxidase B activity in Parkinson’s disease models

miRNAs as Circulating Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease

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