Biomarkers in Pulmonary Hypertension

Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A and placental growth factor: novel biomarkers of pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

“…We have demonstrated the feasibility of serial measurement from small blood volumes in and observed a relationship with hemodynamic status and potentially outcome in CDH. If these findings are reproducible and validated (2,12). We additionally hypothesize that use of the VEGFA:PLGF ratio could optimize the sensitivity of these biomarkers.…”

“…The resultant pulmonary hypertension (PH) and secondary cardiac dysfunction are both strongly associated with acute and longterm morbidity and mortality in CDH (10,24,39). Identification of simple, reliable biomarkers of PH and cardiac function in CDH would allow improved early prognostication, monitoring of disease progression, and guide therapies (12).…”

Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for cancer

“…Hypoxia up-regulates OPN expression, and the hypoxia-dependent transcription factor HIF-1α induces the expression of VEGF. Together, they stimulate angiogenesis in osteogenic differentiation [57], myocardial ischemia [14], pulmonary hypertension [58,59], and diabetic retinopathy [60]. Both OPN and VEGF have significantly elevated expression in the synovial fluid of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.…”

Relevance of Angiopoietin‐2 and Soluble P‐Selectin Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Receiving Combination Therapy with Oral Treprostinil: A FREEDOM‐C2 Biomarker Substudy

“…1 BNP and NT-proBNP have been adopted as prognostic biomarkers in PAH management guidelines, but they tend to have high variability and are not specific for pulmonary hypertension. 2,3 The search for additional potential biomarkers therefore continues, with recently identified candidates including adiponectin, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), cystatin C, growth differentiation factor 15, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, osteopontin, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, P-selectin, and tenascin-C. 1,[4][5][6][7] Ang-2 has shown very promising results as a biomarker: results from a cohort study involving patients with idiopathic PAH suggested that it could be a better predictor of survival than the established biomarker, NT-proBNP. 8 Ang-2 is stored in secretory organelles, known as Weibel-Palade bodies, in endothelial cells; it is released in response to various stimuli that include thrombin and histamine, and its expression is increased in hypoxic conditions.…”