Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Sarcoidosis: Current Use and Future Prospects

Kraaijvanger, Raisa; Janssen, Rob; Vorselaars, Adriane D.M.; Veltkamp, Marcel

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01443

Cited by 125 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(295 reference statements)

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“…In sarcoidosis, a variety of potential biomarkers have been investigated in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and imaging. 29 An ideal biomarker for sarcoidosis has not been discovered yet. Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, changes in vitamin D metabolism, increased ACE, or soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels, although inconclusive, may be associated with renal sarcoidosis and support its diagnosis ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic granulomatous interstitial nephritis and isolated renal sarcoidosis: Two diagnoses of exclusion

Janssen

Naderi²,

Amann

2021

SAGE Open Medicine

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Granulomatous interstitial nephritis is a rare finding in renal biopsy caused by drugs, infections, and inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Idiopathic cases account for 18% of granulomatous interstitial nephritis in native kidneys. Sarcoidosis and drugs are the most common causes of granulomatous interstitial nephritis in Western countries, while in India tuberculosis prevails. Few cases of renal sarcoidosis without extrarenal involvement, that is, isolated renal sarcoidosis, have been reported. The diagnostic criteria of isolated renal sarcoidosis remain, however, unclear. Extrarenal sarcoidosis and other etiologies of granulomatous interstitial nephritis, in particular drug-related, have to be excluded. Some of these patients may develop extrarenal manifestations during follow-up. Changes in calcium and vitamin D metabolism are frequently observed in renal sarcoidosis and support its diagnosis. While non-necrotizing granulomas are a feature of sarcoidosis and drug-induced granulomatous interstitial nephritis, they also prevail in tuberculosis-associated granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis caused by sarcoidosis and drugs usually responds to steroid therapy. A poor response to steroids may indicate an infectious etiology such as tuberculosis and should lead to a review of the initial diagnosis. This article gives an overview of the various etiologies of granulomatous interstitial nephritis, their frequency and histopathological characteristics, as well as potential biomarkers associated with renal sarcoidosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic granulomatous interstitial nephritis and isolated renal sarcoidosis: Two diagnoses of exclusion

Janssen

Naderi²,

Amann

2021

SAGE Open Medicine

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“…Several biomarkers have been proposed for diagnosis and prognosis of sarcoidosis [ 27 , 28 ]. They include serum measurement of angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE), sIL2-R, serum amyloid A and chitotriosidase, as well as calcium metabolism, particularly calcium in urine, broncho-alveolar cell counts, and 18F FDG PET/CT.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Extrapulmonary Organ Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Tackle the Diagnosis and Treatment in the Diverse Scenarios of Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis

et al. 2021

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Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis occurs in 30-50% of cases of sarcoidosis, most often in association with pulmonary involvement, and virtually any organ can be involved. Its incidence depends according to the organs considered, clinical phenotype, and history of sarcoidosis, but also on epidemiological factors like age, sex, geographic ancestry, and socio-professional factors. The presentation, symptomatology, organ dysfunction, severity, and lethal risk vary from and to patient even at the level of the same organ. The presentation may be specific or not, and its occurrence is at variable times in the history of sarcoidosis from initial to delayed. There are

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“…Grunewald J et al, reported the role of CD4 cells in granuloma development, involving epithelioid cells, giant cells 17 , macrophages/mononuclear phagocytes, and CD41 T cells with a few CD81 T cells around the periphery. These cells are closely correlated with CD41 T lymphocytes, whereas immunoglobulin (Ig) A-producing plasma cells, CD41, Th17 cells, T reg (T-regulatory cells), and B lymphocytes are involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.…”

Section: Fig 1: Pathogenesis Of Development Of Granuloma In Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the amount of AV2S3+ BALF T in the granuloma cells of sarcoidosis has been positively related to prognosis. The presence of AV2S3+ T cells has been found to offer a protective action against the granuloma of disease 4,17 .…”

Section: T Cell Receptor (Tcr) Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

IJPSR

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Sarcoidosis is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease, which is difficult to diagnose due to a lack of approved clinical tests. It has been observed in each race, and highest among the Scandinavia, African-American but Asians are less vulnerable to it. It affects most prominently adults from the age group of 20 to 60. The main characterized symptom of this disease is non-caseating granulomas, specifically in the lungs and lymph nodes progressing to lungs impairment to pass oxygen, and finally total failure of lungs as well as heart. The main cause of sarcoidosis is immune irregularities in genetically predisposed individuals which manifests antigen(s) like microorganism or their products, due to an ex-aggregated immune response. There is no specific treatment available, although corticosteroids help in disappearing its symptoms. While more than 50 percent of the patients don"t require any treatment and illness goes on its own, only 10% require treatment in which severe symptoms developed and last long. The current review enlightens the pathogenesis of the disease, clinical indications, diagnostic evaluation, and various therapies for the treatment.

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Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Sarcoidosis: Current Use and Future Prospects

Cited by 125 publications

References 171 publications

Idiopathic granulomatous interstitial nephritis and isolated renal sarcoidosis: Two diagnoses of exclusion

Idiopathic granulomatous interstitial nephritis and isolated renal sarcoidosis: Two diagnoses of exclusion

How to Tackle the Diagnosis and Treatment in the Diverse Scenarios of Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis

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