Biomarkers of carotenoid bioavailability

Granado-Lorencio, Fernando; Blanco–Navarro, I.; Pérez-Sacristán, Belen; Hernández-Álvarez, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.036

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…The absorption of carotenoids during digestion occurs mainly in the first part of the intestine. The lipophilicity of carotenoids is well known to limit their uptake, but in the case of ASX, the esterification with fatty acids represents another factor negatively affecting intestinal absorption, since esterified carotenoids are uptaken mainly as free form [46,47,48,49]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Astaxanthin-Containing Whey Protein-Based Nanoparticles

Vakarelova¹,

Zoccatelli

2019

Marine Drugs

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Astaxanthin (ASX) is a carotenoid of great interest due to its potential health benefits. However, its use in the food, feed, and pharmaceutical fields is limited due to low bioavailability, poor stability during thermochemical treatments, susceptibility to oxidation, and poor organoleptic characteristics. The aim of this work was to develop a method to stabilize astaxanthin extracted from the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis (H.p.) and to improve its nutritional and functional properties through nanoencapsulation. Nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by emulsification–solvent evaporation technique starting from H.p. oleoresin using whey proteins concentrate (WPC) as stabilizer. The efficiency of encapsulation was 96%. The particle size (Z-average) was in the range of 80–130 nm and the superficial charge (measured as zeta-potential) was negative (−20 to −30 mV). The stability of the NPs upon resuspension in water was assayed through a panel of stress tests, i.e., extreme pH, UV radiation, Fe3+ exposition, and heating at 65 °C, that always showed a superior performance of encapsulated ASX in comparison to oleoresin, even if NPs tended to precipitate at pH 3.5–5.5. Simulated gastroenteric digestion was conducted to study the release of ASX in physiological conditions, and showed a maximum bioaccessibility of 76%, with 75% ASX converted into the more bioavailable free form. The collected data suggest that NPs might have possible future applications as supplements for human and animal diets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Astaxanthin-Containing Whey Protein-Based Nanoparticles

Vakarelova¹,

Zoccatelli

2019

Marine Drugs

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“…The methods should include clearly defined outcomes and adequate, valid and reliable markers. Markers for carotenoid bioavailability can be broadly divided into direct or biochemical markers (that usually refer to biochemical indicators of intake and/or status) and, indirect or physiological indicators (that should reflect cumulative exposure, biological effect or modification of risk factor) [383]. Finally, the study design and type of outcome indicators should be subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.…”

Section: Estimating Bioavailability In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health

Rodríguez‐Concepción

Ávalos

Bonet

et al. 2018

Progress in Lipid Research

754

584

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Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable exceptions, animals (including humans) do not produce carotenoids de novo but take them in their diets. In photosynthetic systems carotenoids are essential for photoprotection against excess light and contribute to light harvesting, but perhaps they are best known for their properties as natural pigments in the yellow to red range. Carotenoids can be associated to fatty acids, sugars, proteins, or other compounds that can change their physical and chemical properties and influence their biological roles. Furthermore, oxidative cleavage of carotenoids produces smaller molecules such as apocarotenoids, some of which are important pigments and volatile (aroma) compounds. Enzymatic breakage of carotenoids can also produce biologically active molecules in both plants (hormones, retrograde signals) and animals (retinoids). Both carotenoids and their enzymatic cleavage products are associated with other processes positively impacting human health. Carotenoids are widely used in the industry as food ingredients, feed additives, and supplements. This review, contributed by scientists of complementary disciplines related to carotenoid research, covers recent advances and provides a perspective on future directions on the subjects of carotenoid metabolism, biotechnology, and nutritional and health benefits.

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“…Although more than 750 carotenoids have been described in nature, only around 40–50 are part of the human regular diet and an even further reduced group is absorbed and found in human plasma . The most relevant examples of the latter group are β ‐carotene, α ‐carotene, β ‐cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Carotenoid Bioaccessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although more than 750 carotenoids have been described in nature, only around 40-50 are part of the human regular diet and an even further reduced group is absorbed and found in human plasma. 18,102 The most relevant examples of the latter group are -carotene, -carotene, -cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene. To be absorbed, carotenoids need to withstand the often-destructive conditions wileyonlinelibrary.com/jsfa of food preparation and the digestion process, during which they need to be liberated from the food matrix, solubilized and emulsified in lipid droplets, and then be successfully incorporated into mixed micelles to enter the intestinal mucosa and ultimately reach the circulation system.…”

Section: Molecular Structure Of Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant and animal foods

2019

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The frequent consumption of carotenoid‐rich foods has been associated with numerous health benefits, such as the supply of provitamin A. To exert these health benefits, carotenoids need to be efficiently liberated from the food matrix, micellized in the small intestine, taken up by the enterocytes and absorbed into the human blood stream. Enormous efforts have been made to better understand these processes. Because human studies are costly, labor‐intense and time‐consuming, the evaluation of carotenoid liberation and micellization at the laboratory scale using simulated in vitro digestion models has proven to be an important tool for obtaining preliminary results prior to conducting human studies. In particular, the liberation from the food matrix and the intestinal micellization can be mimicked by simulated digestion, yielding an estimate of the so‐called bioaccessibility of a carotenoid. In the present review, we provide an overview of the carotenoid digestion process in vivo, the currently used in vitro digestion models and the outcomes of previous bioaccessibility studies, with a special focus on correlations with concomitantly conducted human studies. Furthermore, we advocate for the on‐going requirement of better standardized digestion protocols and, in addition, we provide suggestions for the complementation of the acquired knowledge and current nutritional recommendations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Biomarkers of carotenoid bioavailability

Cited by 33 publications

References 151 publications

Development and Characterization of Astaxanthin-Containing Whey Protein-Based Nanoparticles

Development and Characterization of Astaxanthin-Containing Whey Protein-Based Nanoparticles

A global perspective on carotenoids: Metabolism, biotechnology, and benefits for nutrition and health

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant and animal foods

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