Biomarkers of lung damage associated with tobacco smoke in induced sputum

Comandini, Alessia; Rogliani, Paola; Nunziata, Alfredo; Cazzola, Mario; Curradi, Giacomo; Saltini, Cesare

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2009.06.002

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 163 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…However, many technical challenges remain before sputum analysis and EBC can be routinely used and sufficiently validated in discovery studies. 165,171–173 …”

Section: Biospecimen Acquisition and Storage For Detection Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma outcomes: Biomarkers

Szefler¹,

Wenzel²,

Brown³

et al. 2012

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

349

287

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Background Measurement of biomarkers has been incorporated within clinical research studies of asthma to characterize the population and associate the disease with environmental and therapeutic effects. Objective National Institutes of Health institutes and federal agencies convened an expert group to propose which biomarkers should be assessed as standardized asthma outcomes in future clinical research studies. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature to identify studies that developed and/or tested asthma biomarkers. We identified biomarkers relevant to the underlying disease process progression and response to treatment. We classified the biomarkers as either core (required in future studies), supplemental (used according to study aims and standardized), or emerging (requiring validation and standardization). This work was discussed at an National Institutes of Health–organized workshop convened in March 2010 and finalized in September 2011. Results Ten measures were identified; only 1, multiallergen screening to define atopy, is recommended as a core asthma outcome. Complete blood counts to measure total eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno), sputum eosinophils, urinary leukotrienes, and total and allergen-specific IgE are recommended as supplemental measures. Measurement of sputum polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other analytes, cortisol measures, airway imaging, breath markers, and system-wide studies (eg, genomics, proteomics) are considered as emerging outcome measures. Conclusion The working group participants propose the use of multiallergen screening in all asthma clinical trials to characterize study populations with respect to atopic status. Blood, sputum, and urine specimens should be stored in biobanks, and standard procedures should be developed to harmonize sample collection for clinical trial biorepositories.

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“…However, many technical challenges remain before sputum analysis and EBC can be routinely used and sufficiently validated in discovery studies. 165,171–173 …”

Section: Biospecimen Acquisition and Storage For Detection Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma outcomes: Biomarkers

Szefler¹,

Wenzel²,

Brown³

et al. 2012

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

349

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Today, chronic inflammation is viewed as a biomarker that often precedes tumor formation and, therefore, may prove useful in cancer detection [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Moreover, biomarkers of inflammation have been used recently in studies assessing the prevention of various diseases [1,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory response of lung macrophages and epithelial cells to tobacco smoke: a literature review of ex vivo investigations

et al. 2010

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Chronic inflammation contributes to the initiation and progression of tumors and tobacco smoke-associated inflammation is associated with malignant and certain non-neoplastic lung diseases. Reported herein are the results of an interpretative synthesis review of the literature assessing the inflammatory response of lung macrophages (MPhi) and epithelial cells to tobacco smoke as measured ex vivo. Papers were retrieved using Boolean operations from PubMed and Scopus. Many writings reported the results of assays of human MPhi from fresh surgically excised human lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage, activated blood monocytes, long-term cell lines and MPhi from different laboratory animals. Some publications reported the findings of comparative studies of lung MPhi freshly isolated from the lungs of smokers and non-smokers. Other papers described the effect of tobacco smoke on lung epithelial cells. Most investigators quantified the response of the target cells to tobacco smoke by measuring the production of pro-inflammatory mediators; these included chemokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species and enzymes. Investigators have reported conflicting observations of the response of human and animal MPhi and epithelial cells to tobacco smoke. The spectrum included papers describing robust production of various inflammatory mediators, significant reduction of a pro-inflammatory response to a known stimulant and overt cytotoxicity. This literature review documents that there exists no consensus, and no emerging trend line, of the reproducible effect(s) of cigarette smoke. This discrepancy reflects the absence of standardized protocols for collecting, processing and bioassaying the smoke, a highly complex aerosol, and identifies the need for establishing collaborative research schemes.

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“…In humans with chronic bronchitis, tobacco smoke increases sputum secretion. (Comandini and others 2009, Camiciottoli others 2013). Histopathological changes of the airway in dogs with exposure to mainstream tobacco smoke have been reviewed previously (Coggins 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%