Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Plasma and Urine

Subbaiah, Papasani V.

doi:10.1002/9781118271858.ch20

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 172 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…269 Similarly, highly purified S is reportedly capable of causing growth inhibition and apoptosis of cancer cells in a dose-and time-related manner 270 by modulating the activity of cytochrome C and caspase-3, both known to be essential to HHcy-induced oxidative reactions. 199,242,251,277 It must be kept in mind that Hcy is only one among many other biomarkers of the stress reaction 132,278 and that the respective role played by each component of the oxidative process remains to be clarified. Nevertheless, the information provided by Hcy levels seems to integrate several forerunner signals; moreover, the ease of measurement of Hcy allows the clinician to monitor the sequence of oxidative events, as shown in a recent experiment.…”

Section: Essentiality Of Elemental Sulfurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease

Ingenbleek¹,

Kimura

2013

Nutr Rev

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Sulfur is the seventh most abundant element measurable in the human body and is supplied mainly by the intake of methionine (Met), an indispensable amino acid found in plant and animal proteins. Met controls the initiation of protein synthesis, governs major metabolic and catalytic activities, and may undergo reversible redox processes safeguarding protein integrity. Withdrawal of Met from customary diets causes the greatest downsizing of lean body mass following either unachieved replenishment (malnutrition) or excessive losses (inflammation). These physiopathologically unrelated morbidities nevertheless stimulate comparable remethylation reactions from homocysteine, indicating that Met homeostasis benefits from high metabolic priority. Inhibition of cystathionine-β-synthase activity causes the upstream sequestration of homocysteine and the downstream drop in cysteine and glutathione. Consequently, the enzymatic production of hydrogen sulfide and the nonenzymatic reduction of elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide are impaired. Sulfur operates as cofactor of several enzymes critically involved in the regulation of oxidative processes. A combination of malnutrition and nutritional deprivation of sulfur maximizes the risk of cardiovascular disorders and stroke, constituting a novel clinical entity that threatens plant-eating population groups.

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Section: Essentiality Of Elemental Sulfurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease

Ingenbleek¹,

Kimura

2013

Nutr Rev

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Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases

Trpković

Resanović

Stanimirović

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

280

200

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Atherosclerosis is a life-long illness that begins with risk factors, which in turn contribute to the development of subclinical disease, followed by the establishment of overt cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thrombotic-occlusive complications of atherosclerosis are among the most widespread and costly health problems. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) plays an important role in atherogenesis by promoting an inflammatory environment and lipid deposition in the arterial wall. As cardiovascular events occur in individuals without common risk factors, there is a need for additional tools that may help in CVD risk assessment and management. The use of biomarkers has improved diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic outcome in cardiovascular medicine. This review elaborates on the value of circulating OxLDL as a biomarker of CVD. Three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (4E6, DLH3 and E06) using murine monoclonal antibodies for determination of OxLDL blood levels have been developed. However, none of these assays are currently approved for routine clinical practice. We identified studies investigating OxLDL in CVD (measured by 4E6, DLH3 or E06 assay) by searching the PubMed database. Circulating OxLDL was found to be associated with all stages of atherosclerosis, from early atherogenesis to hypertension, coronary and peripheral arterial disease, acute coronary syndromes and ischemic cerebral infarction. The results of studies investigating the usefulness of OxLDL for CVD prediction were also summarized. Furthermore, OxLDL was found to be associated with pathologic conditions linked to CVD, including diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, we have addressed the mechanisms by which OxLDL promotes atherogenesis, and the effects of antiatherogenic treatments on circulating OxLDL. Finally, we highlight the evidence suggesting that lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is the preferential carrier of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) in human plasma. A strong association between OxPL/apoB level (representing the content of OxPL on apolipoprotein B-100 particles, measured by E06 assay) and Lp(a) has been determined.

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Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Plasma and Urine

Cited by 2 publications

References 172 publications

Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease

Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases

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