Biomarkers of stress in caregivers of children with special health care needs: A protocol for systematic review

Abstract

Background: Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) require greater attention from family caregivers as they present temporary or permanent physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional issues. This demand for care generates overload and stress among family caregivers. So far, there is no study that gathers the available literature regarding the use of biomarkers to assess stress among caregivers of CSHCN. Hence, we aimed to synthetize and to assess the scientific evidence on biomarkers associated with stress in caregivers of CSHCN.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was elaborated following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). The search strategy will be undertaken through 7 electronic bibliographic databases: Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO. In addition, secondary searches in other sources, such as Clinical trials.gov-NIH, The British Library, Pro Quest Dissertations Database, Google Scholar, and medRXiv will be also carried out. The reference section of the included studies will be hand searched for additional relevant studies. There will be no restriction regarding the publication dates or languages for this systematic review. Moreover, in an independently manner, 2 investigators will select studies, perform data extraction, as well as perform a critical appraisal of the risk of bias and overall quality of the selected studies, based on their designs. The heterogeneity among the studies will be assessed using the I 2 statistic test. According to the results of this test, we will verify whether a meta-analysis is feasible. If feasibility is confirmed, a random-effect model analysis will be carried out. For data analysis, the calculation of the pooled effect estimates will consider a 95% CI and alpha will be set in 0.05 using the SPSS version 23.0.Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide better insights regarding the biomarkers associated with stress in caregivers of CSHCN. Hence, consistent data and robust evidence will be provided to help practitioners and decision-makers in this area.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge this study, will be the first to synthetize and critically evaluate the scientific evidence on biomarkers associated with stress in caregivers of CSHCN.

Safety, Efficacy, and Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Vaccines for Patients with High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN 2/3) Associated with Human Papillomavirus: A Systematic Review

“…100%, [27] where 0% indicates no heterogeneity and 25%, 50%, and 75% indicate low, moderate, and high heterogeneities, respectively [26][27][28].…”

“…The Q test was used to assess between-study heterogeneity, and the I 2 statistic, which expresses the percentage of the total observed variability due to study heterogeneity, was calculated [26]. The I 2 values were set relative to zero, with values ranging from 0% to 100%, [27] where 0% indicates no heterogeneity and 25%, 50%, and 75% indicate low, moderate, and high heterogeneities, respectively [26][27][28].…”

Estresse percebido de mães de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde e fatores sociodemográficos relacionados

“…Na mesma direção, revisão integrativa que tratou sobre a sobrecarga psicológica dos cuidadores de crianças com diagnóstico de asma, um subgrupo das CRIANES revelou como fatores geradores de estresse aconstante preocupação e as mudanças na rotina doméstica (6) .O estresse desencadeia problemas emocionais, comportamentais e doenças físicas, como depressão, ansiedade, fadiga, distúrbios do sono e alterações cognitivas, impactando negativamente a qualidade de vida desses cuidadores (7) .…”