Biomarkers responses in muscle of Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) from a heavy metals and PAHs polluted estuary

Abstract

The biochemical responses in muscle, such as the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, were studied in sole (Solea senegalensis) collected in Huelva estuary (SW Spain), in the vicinity of a petrochemical and mining industry. The sampling sites showed different type and degree of pollution. The results demonstrated significant differences in muscle activities of AChE and IDH in Odiel and Tinto Rivers compared to control fish. LDH activity did not show any difference between sampling sites. Significant correlations were established between some biomarkers and heavy metals: AChE was correlated with Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in water; IDH activity was correlated with Cd and Cu concentrations in water and As, Pb and Cd concentrations in sediments; LDH activity was correlated with As and Zn concentration in water and Cd concentration in sediment. Only one correlation was established between the biomarkers analysed and the concentrations of PAHs: benzo(b)fluoranthene concentration in sediment and IDH.

Multi-biomarker responses as indication of contaminant effects in Gambusia affinis from impacted rivers by municipal effluents

“…In the present study, the concentrations of Ni, Mn, and As in the two rivers had significant negative correlations to the AChE activity in mosquitofish. A similar result was also observed in a previous study, where the AChE activity in muscle of senegal sole from an estuary was correlated with Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in water (Oliva et al, 2012). The inhibitory effect of heavy metals on the AChE activity could be interpreted as changes in the enzyme due to binding metals with a functional active AChE site or other location such as the surface of the enzyme (de la Torre et al, 2007;Oliva et al, 2012).…”

“…Inhibition of AChE activity in this study can impair cholinergic nerve impulses, which will result in tremors, convulsion and finally the death of the aquatic organism (Fulton and Key, 2001;Oliva et al, 2012). But also, lower AChE activity level, it can interfere with olfaction, and make it more difficult for fish to detect prey and avoid predators (Tierney et al, 2010).…”

The use of juvenile Solea solea as sentinel in the marine platform of the Ebre Delta: in vitro interaction of emerging contaminants with the liver detoxification system

“…As both enzymes have a broad tissue distribution, they were measured in gills but also in muscle and liver where they could inform on tissue alterations or higher energy demand under a stressful situation. We were unable to measure LDH activity in muscle, although this enzyme has been measured in muscle of a closely related species, S. senegalensis, in a field situation (Oliva et al 2012).…”

In situ effects of metal contamination from former uranium mining sites on the health of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus, L.)

“…That is why this type of biomarkers is increasingly used in ecotoxicological studies (Bado-Nilles et al 2011;Gagnaire et al 2015). In another way, malfunction of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme can lead to neurotoxicity, resulting in disruption of some biological functions and can also affect the behavior of organisms (Fernandez-Davila et al 2012;Oliva et al 2012b). Metals can also impact kidney structure, an essential organ for fish to purify the blood and to regulate the water content of organs, and in particular uranium is known to be nephrotoxic (Cooley et al 2000;Lukin et al 2011).…”