Biomarkers to assess the utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco products

Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Benowitz, Neal L.; Rennard, Stephen I.; Oncken, Cheryl; Hecht, Stephen S.

doi:10.1080/14622200600858166

Cited by 68 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…It was reported that biomarkers such as 8-oxoguanine-7 (8-oxo-7), 8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and F2-isoprostanes, are important in smoking-related oxidative stress in humans (31), which are important forms in free radical induced oxidative lesions (32). The 8-OxodG is the most frequent mutation in human cancers (33).…”

Section: -Oxoguaninementioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Addicts

Karajibani

Montazerifar

Feizabad

2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Context: This study was a systematic review that aimed to extract published articles regarding oxidant and antioxidants status in opium addiction by searching in PubMed, Google Scholar engine, SID, and Magiran databases. Evidence Acquisition: Sixty-six published articles were investigated in this review, which were selected from studies among the Iranian society and other societies from 1976 to 2015. All articles published in different fields of descriptive-analytical, experimental, and interventional studies were considered. Results: Several studies have shown that with increased production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities, and also the concentration of vitamins A, E, C and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decrease in opium addiction. Increased atherogenic indexes such as Low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio and malondialdehyde (MDA) may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it has also increased other markers of oxidative stress including: isoprostanes, 8-oxoguanine and protein carbonyl. Conclusions: Oxidative stress increases in opium-addicted people. It seems that opium is capable of provoking oxidative stress and also, has harmful effects on lipid profile and antioxidant enzyme. Drug addicts were found to have antioxidant vitamin deficiency.

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Section: -Oxoguaninementioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Addicts

Karajibani

Montazerifar

Feizabad

2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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“…Presumably, these components are collectively those known to be most likely responsible for the increased risk of disease in smokers. However, there are few reports of direct, one-to-one relationships between a smoke component and a disease (Hatsukami et al, 2006a;U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Magnitudes of biomarker reductions in response to controlled reductions in cigarettes smoked per day: A one-week clinical confinement study

Theophilus¹,

Coggins²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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a b s t r a c tTobacco toxicant-related exposure reduction is an important tool in harm reduction. Cigarette per day reduction (CPDR) occurs as smokers migrate from smoking cigarettes to using alternative tobacco/nicotine products, or quit smoking. Few reports characterize the dose-response relationships between CPDR and effects on exposure biomarkers, especially at the low end of CPD exposure (e.g., 5 CPD). We present data on CPDR by characterizing magnitudes of biomarker reductions. We present data from a wellcontrolled, one-week clinical confinement study in healthy smokers who were switched from smoking 19-25 CPD to smoking 20, 10, 5 or 0 CPD. Biomarkers were measured in blood, plasma, urine, and breath, and included smoke-related toxicants, urine mutagenicity, smoked cigarette filter analyses (mouth level exposure), and vital signs. Many of the biomarkers (e.g., plasma nicotine) showed strong CPDR doseresponse reductions, while others (e.g., plasma thiocyanate) showed weaker dose-response reductions. Factors that lead to lower biomarker reductions include non-CPD related contributors to the measured response (e.g., other exposure sources from environment, life style, occupation; inter-individual variability). This study confirms CPDR dose-responsive biomarkers and suggests that a one-week design is appropriate for characterizing exposure reductions when smokers switch from cigarettes to new tobacco products.

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“…The IoM Report describes the types of scientific studies that might be useful for assessing potential risk reduction offered by the PREPs, including clinical studies, but the optimum study designs are still being considered (Hatsukami et al, 2009). Various researchers have since been trying to develop a validated framework for this research (Hatsukami et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%