Biomass and grain oil yields in Cynara cardunculus L. genotypes grown in a Mediterranean environment

Raccuia, S.A.; Melilli, M.G.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2006.11.006

Cited by 118 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Altilis), while it was much lower than those (21-22%) reported by other studies made on different genotypes (Raccuia and Melilli, 2007). Oil content of seeds is similar to that reported by other Authors (Raccuia and Melilli, 2007).…”

Section: Crop Residuessupporting

confidence: 37%

“…In that work, the Authors found that yield of the different cardoon cultivars had a very large variability, ranging between 5 and 14 t ha -1 year -1 in environmental conditions characterized by mean annual rainfall of 500 mm. On the contrary, yield resulted increasing or stable in the first years of other experiment in very different environment: Raccuia and Melilli (2007) reported increasing values of total biomass from 1 st to 3 rd year (from 7.5 to 20.2 t ha -1 ). In that study a supplemental irrigation with 50 mm (at flowering on May) was applied.…”

Section: Biomass and Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yields and quality of biomasses and grain in Cynara cardunculus L. grown in southern Italy, as affected by genotype and environmental conditions

et al. 2017

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Cardoon is a crop well adapted to Mediterranean climatic conditions that is able to grow also in marginal lands thus reducing competition for land with food crops. It is considered a key crop for bio-refinery since it allows producing different interesting molecules for industrial application. From stems it is possible to obtain large amounts of cellulose, grains are a good source of oil and proteins and roots can be a source of inulin. The aim of this research has been to evaluate the productive levels of different genotypes of cardoon in two different climatic conditions of Mediterranean cropland (a site in the Vesuvius plain and a site in the internal hilly cropland). In both the sites, during 3 years (from 2012-2013 to 2014-2015), three genotypes (Altilis, Gigante e Trinaseed) were cultivated with 2 planting densities (4 and 8 plants per m 2 ). A low input cropping system was adopted (no irrigation and 150 kg ha -1 of N supplied as ammonium nitrate). In flat site (NA-Ac.), lignocellulosic biomass yield was 19 t ha -1 d.m. and grain yield 2.7 t ha -1 on the average of the 3 years period. In the hilly site, biomass yield was similar (20 t ha -1 d.m.) while grain yield was higher (3.9 t ha -1 on the average) as compared to the flat site. As regards biomass composition, an increase of hemicellulose and a decrease of cellulose content were measured in the flat site, maybe as a response of plant to the higher drought stress.

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Section: Crop Residuessupporting

confidence: 37%

Section: Biomass and Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yields and quality of biomasses and grain in Cynara cardunculus L. grown in southern Italy, as affected by genotype and environmental conditions

et al. 2017

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“…Regarding seed yield and seed/biomass ratio current information is rather scarce. To the best of our knowledge, rainfed cynara's seed yields range from 80 to 250 g m À2 at planting densities of 2 plant m À2 (Foti et al, 1999;Piscioneri et al, 2000;Raccuia & Melilli, 2007a;Ierna & Mauromicale, 2010). However, seed yield under appropriate management (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cynara's biomass yield under rainfed conditions is usually reported at 15 t ha À1 yr À1 (Fernández et al, 2005;Danalatos et al, 2006Danalatos et al, , 2007Raccuia & Melilli, 2007a;Angelini et al, 2009) while dry biomass yields in excess of 30 t ha À1 yr À1 have been attained (Dalianis et al, 1996;Archontoulis et al, 2008). The average heating value of the cynara plant has been estimated at 15-17 MJ kg À1 (Piscioneri et al, 2000;Fernández et al, 2006;Grammelis et al, 2008;Angelini et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflorescence characteristics, seed composition, and allometric relationships predicting seed yields in the biomass crop Cynara cardunculus

Archontoulis

Struik²,

Yin³

et al. 2010

GCB Bioenergy

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Cynara (Cynara cardunculus) is a perennial C 3 herb that has its potential as bioenergy crop. This paper aims (a) to derive empirical relationships to predict cynara seed yield per head and per unit area, avoiding laborious extraction of seeds from the complex structure of its inflorescences; (b) to determine the head-weight distribution per unit area, the seed composition and the oil profile of cynara seeds; and (c) to estimate the range of cynara biomass, seed and oil yield in representative parts of Greece. We analyzed 16 field experiments, varying in crop age and environmental conditions in Greece. Seed yield per head (SY head ) can be accurately predicted as a linear function of dry head weight (H w ): SY head 5 0.429 . H w À2.9 (r 2 5 0.96; n 5 617). Based on this relationship, we developed a simple two-parameter equation to predict seed yield per unit area (SY): SY 5 HN . (0.429 . lÀ2.9), where l is the mean head weight (g head À1) and HN is the total number of heads per unit area, respectively. The models were tested against current and published data (n 5 180 for head-level; n 5 35 for unit area-level models), and proved to be valid under diverse management and environmental conditions. Attainable cynara seed yields ranged from 190 to 480 g m À2 yr À1, on dry soils and on aquic soils (shallow ground water level). This variation in seed yield was sufficiently explained by the analyses of head-weight distribution per unit area (small, medium and large heads) and variability of seed/head weight ratio at head level. Seed oil concentration (average: 23%) and crude protein concentration (average: 18.7%) were rather invariant across different seed sizes (range: 26-56 mg seed À1 ) and growing environments.

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“…The immature inflorescences (capitula or heads) provide the edible part of the plant, and are used fresh, canned or frozen for the preparation of a variety of dishes; its leaves have been exploited as hepatoprotectants, and either choleretic or diuretic agents in traditional medicine since Ancient Roman times. In modern times, leaf extracts have been identified as containing cellular protectants against oxidative damage, HIV integrase inhibitors, and bile-expelling and lipid-lowering agents (Gebhardt 1997(Gebhardt , 1998Kraft 1997;Llorach et al 2002;McDougall et al 1998;Wang et al 2003), whilst roots and seeds have been used to extract inulin (Raccuia and Melilli 2004), with high degree of polymerization, and oil (Maccarone et al 1999;Raccuia and Melilli 2007). The crop is grown across the Middle East, North Africa, South America, China, the USA, and particularly in the Mediterranean region, where it has a significant impact on the rural economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic mapping and annotation of genomic microsatellites isolated from globe artichoke

et al. 2009

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Cynara cardunculus includes three taxa, the globe artichoke (subsp. scolymus L. Hegi), the cultivated cardoon (var. altilis) and their progenitor, the wild cardoon (var. sylvestris). Globe artichoke is an important component of the Mediterranean rural economy, but its improvement through breeding has been rather limited and its genome organization remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the isolation of 61 new microsatellite loci which amplified a total of 208 alleles in a panel of 22 C. cardunculus genotypes. Of these, 51 were informative for linkage analysis and 39 were used to increase marker density in the available globe artichoke genetic maps. Sequence analysis of the 22 loci associated with genes showed that 9 are located within coding sequence, with the repetitive domain probably being involved in DNA binding or in protein-protein interactions. The expression of the genes associated with 9 of the 22 microsatellite loci was demonstrated by RT-PCR.

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Biomass and grain oil yields in Cynara cardunculus L. genotypes grown in a Mediterranean environment

Cited by 118 publications

References 38 publications

Yields and quality of biomasses and grain in Cynara cardunculus L. grown in southern Italy, as affected by genotype and environmental conditions

Yields and quality of biomasses and grain in Cynara cardunculus L. grown in southern Italy, as affected by genotype and environmental conditions

Inflorescence characteristics, seed composition, and allometric relationships predicting seed yields in the biomass crop Cynara cardunculus

Genetic mapping and annotation of genomic microsatellites isolated from globe artichoke

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