Biomass and nutrient pools of canopy and terrestrial components in a primary and a secondary montane cloud forest, Costa Rica

Nadkarni, Nalini M.; Schaefer, Douglas; Matelson, Teri J.; Solano, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.04.011

Cited by 151 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The highest value reported so far (50 g m -2 y -1 ) was found in a cloud forest in Monteverde, Costa Rica, by Nadkarni and Matelson (1992) which consisted by more than 75% of bryophytes. Epiphyte litterfall measured in our OGF stand (79 g m -2 y -1 ) was higher than the value measured in Monteverde, despite a relatively small epiphyte biomass in the Talamanca OGF stand (3.4 Mg ha -1 in the Talamanca vs. 33.1 Mg ha -1 in Monteverde) (Köhler et al 2008;Nadkarni et al 2004). However, biomass and annual litterfall of epiphytes in different stands are not necessarily related to each other.…”

Section: Litterfall In Tropical Montane Forestscontrasting

confidence: 73%

High litterfall in old-growth and secondary upper montane forest of Costa Rica

2008

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Tropical upper montane forests usually comprise trees of small stature with a relatively low aboveground productivity. In contrast to this rule, in the Cordillera de Talamanca (Costa Rica), tall trees ([35 m in height and more than 60 cm in diameter) are characteristic for the upper montane old-growth oak forests which are growing at an altitude of almost 3,000 m close to the alpine timberline. For these exceptional forests, productivity data are not yet available. In this study, we analyzed litterfall and its components (tree leaves, litter of epiphytic vascular and non-vascular plants, mistletoes, twigs and other canopy debris) in three forest stands belonging to different successional stages and related seasonal changes in litterfall to micrometeorological variables. The studied stands were early-successional forest (10-15-year-old), mid-successional forest (40-year-old), and old-growth forest. The stands are dominated by Quercus copeyensis and are located at 2,900-m altitude. Total litterfall was highest in the mid-successional forest (1,720 g m -2 y -1 ), and reached 1,288 g m -2 y -1 in the old-growth forest and 934 g m -2 y -1 in the earlysuccessional forest. Litter mass was dominated by leaves in all stages (56-84% of total litterfall). In the oldgrowth forest, however, twigs and small canopy debris particles (33%), epiphytes (6%), and mistletoes (5%) also contributed substantially to litter mass. Leaf litterfall showed a clear seasonal pattern with a negative correlation to monthly precipitation and highest values in the dry season (January-April). However, the strongest correlation existed with minimum air temperature (negative), probably because temperatures already dropped at the end of the rainy season, when precipitation had not yet declined and leaf shedding already increased. In contrast, litterfall of epiphyte mass, and twigs and other debris was mostly dependent on occasional strong winds. We conclude that the upper montane oak forests of the Cordillera de Talamanca are exceptional with respect to the large tree size and the relatively high productivity as indicated by litterfall. Litter mass was especially high in the mid-successional and old-growth forests, where the observed annual totals are among the highest recorded for tropical forests so far.

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Section: Litterfall In Tropical Montane Forestscontrasting

confidence: 73%

High litterfall in old-growth and secondary upper montane forest of Costa Rica

2008

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“…Parte da biomassa que produzem é consumida por animais ou retorna ao solo, contribuindo com a ciclagem de nutrientes, em locais onde são abundantes. (Benzing 2004, Nadkarni et al 2004, Oliveira 2004. Em especial, as bromélias tanque (como A. bromeliifolia) têm suas folhas arranjadas formando estrutura capaz de reter água e detritos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Segundo Garcia et al (2011), mesmo aquelas consideradas antigas, com cerca de 50 anos, apresentam apenas metade da riqueza das espécies não-arbóreas de ecossistemas de referência. Nadkarni et al (2004) observaram que florestas secundárias apresentam apenas uma diminuta fração da biomassa de epífitas contida nas primárias. Por outro lado, em certas florestas nativas, epífitas sozinhas podem representar um terço do total de espécies vegetais e mais da metade dos indivíduos (Gentry & Dodson 1987).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Enriquecimento de florestas em processo de restauração: aspectos de epífitas e forófitos que podem ser considerados

Duarte¹,

Gandolfi²

2013

Hoehnea

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-(Enrichment of forests in process of restoration: aspects of epiphytes and phorophytes that may be considered). Monitoring of forests in process of restoration has shown that they have not been achieving high diversity of life forms. Epiphytes, plants that live on host trees (phorophytes), are essential in an ecosystem. Thus, it is important to promote enrichment of forests using them. The aim of this work is to provide information for procedures of transplantation of epiphytes taken from forests that had to be cut off to areas that have been restored. In order to perform that, we analyzed survival and development of individuals of Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker (Bromeliaceae) a year after been transferred to six distinct host tree species, in a 23-year old Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. These variables did not significantly respond to any particular phorophyte species, bark roughness, or canopy cover. They showed significant differences according to the initial weight of the epiphytes. The middle-sized individuals (105.5 a 239.4 g) were the most successful in transplantations. Key words: Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker, Bark roughness, Canopy cover, Epiphyte weight, Restoration Ecology RESUMO -(Enriquecimento de florestas em processo de restauração: aspectos de epífitas e forófitos que podem ser considerados). Pelo monitoramento de florestas em restauração, detectou-se que elas dificilmente atingem alta diversidade de formas de vida. Epífitas, plantas que vivem sobre árvores hospedeiras (forófitos), são fundamentais em um ecossistema. É importante promover o enriquecimento de matas com essa forma de vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer subsídios teóricos para realizar transplantes de epífitas de florestas que tiveram que ser legalmente desmatadas para florestas em restauração. Para isso, analisou-se a sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de indivíduos de Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker (Bromeliaceae) um ano após terem sido transplantados a seis distintas espécies de forófitos, em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em restauração há 23 anos. As variáveis analisadas não responderam significativamente de acordo com espécie de forófito, rugosidade de sua casca ou cobertura de dossel. Mostraram diferenças significativas de acordo com o porte das epífitas, de forma que aquelas de massa intermediárias (105,5 a 239,4 g) tiveram maior sucesso no transplante. Palavras-Chave: Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker, Cobertura de dossel, Ecologia de Restauração, Massa de epífita, Rugosidade de tronco 1. Parte de dissertação de Mestrado da primeira Autora, Programa de Recursos Florestais da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo 2. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal.Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil 3. Autor para correspondência: mmeloduarte@gmail.com IntroduçãoEpífitas verdadeiras (holoepítas) são plantas que passam todo o seu ciclo de vida sobre hospedeiros (de...

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“…Many studies have reported that epiphyte communities show complex spatial distribution patterns at various scales: at different altitudes, in a forest, and on a single tree (Hietz and Briones 1998, Lyons et al 2000, Nieder et al 2000, Wolf and Alejandro 2003, Krömer et al 2007, Zotz and Schultz 2008. Epiphyte species and biomass reach great diversity and abundance in primary tropical montane forests, particularly in cloud forests (Nadkarni 1984, Freiberg and Freiberg 2000, Nadkarni et al 2004, Gradstein 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some studies, canopy humus constituted a large proportion of the total EM amount, and epiphyte biomass increased with the accumulation of canopy humus (Ingram and Nadkarni 1993, Nadkarni et al 2004, Köhler et al 2007). In a forest ecosystem, EM contributes to the water and nutrient cycles of the whole forest (Nadkarni 1984, Hsu et al 2002, Nadkarni et al 2004, Köhler et al 2007) and the biodiversity of other organisms by providing food and living space (Nadkarni 1994, Benzing 2004, Sillett and Antoine 2004, Gradstein 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of epiphyte biomass composition and distribution with a three-dimensional mapping method in a tropical montane forest in northern Thailand

Nakanishi

Sungpalee

Sri-ngernyuang

et al. 2013

Tropics

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Epiphytes show complex spatial distribution patterns at various scales, and the description of their distribution patterns, for example, on a tree, is quite diffi cult. In this study, by using a three-dimensional tree-form mapping method, the tree form of a 47 m-high emergent tree in a tropical montane forest of northern Thailand was measured and reconstructed, and the distribution of epiphytes on the tree was accurately recorded. The epiphytic matter, which consists of epiphytes and canopy humus, on the tree was classifi ed into six types on the basis of its physiognomy, and destructive sampling of the epiphytic matter was performed for each type with three or four replications. The total epiphyte biomass and canopy humus on the tree were 158.2 kg and 381.3 kg, respectively. Approximately 96 % of the epiphyte biomass was concentrated in the tree crown, above 20 m. The distribution of epiphytic matter types was found to depend on branch diameter, and their spatial distribution from the outer crown to the inner crown was visualized on the three-dimensional reconstructed form of the tree.

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Biomass and nutrient pools of canopy and terrestrial components in a primary and a secondary montane cloud forest, Costa Rica

Cited by 151 publications

References 36 publications

High litterfall in old-growth and secondary upper montane forest of Costa Rica

High litterfall in old-growth and secondary upper montane forest of Costa Rica

Enriquecimento de florestas em processo de restauração: aspectos de epífitas e forófitos que podem ser considerados

Determination of epiphyte biomass composition and distribution with a three-dimensional mapping method in a tropical montane forest in northern Thailand

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