Biomass and nutrition of naturally regenerated and coppiced birch on cutaway peatland during 37 years

Hytönen, Jyrki; Aro, Lasse

doi:10.14214/sf.48

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Compared to the results obtained in this study for alder, in dense unthinned downy birch stands similar or slightly higher leafless above-ground biomass production figures have been reported in Finland (2.5-5.3 Mg ha -1 a -1 , Björklund and Ferm 1982;Ferm 1990;Hytönen and Aro 2012;Niemistö 2013) In this study the total stand density did not correlate with biomass measured in the sample plots. However, the number of stems with d 1.3 > 5 cm correlated well with biomass of the plots in 17-20-year-old stands.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Biomass production of coppiced grey alder and the effect of fertilization

Hytönen¹,

Saarsalmi²

2015

Silva Fenn.

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We studied biomass production of two naturally originated grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) stands having a mixture of birch and willow located in central Finland. One of the stands was growing on a peatland site (Muhos) and the other on a mineral soil site (Juuka). The stands were clear-cut and fertilization experiments were laid out with several treatments. At Muhos, the treatments included nitrogen fertilisation with different amounts of wood ash and an unfertilized control. At Juuka, the treatments included nitrogen fertilisation either with ash or with PK, and ash and PK treatments alone and an unfertilized control. The sprouts at Muhos were grown for 17 years and at Juuka for 20 years. At Juuka the stand was clear-cut second time at the age of 20 years and grown for 8 years. The stands were measured several times and foliar samples were taken twice during the study period. Clear-cutting increased stem number manifold. The stand density of new coppiced forests after the clear-cutting decreased from 67 000-89 000 stems ha -1 at the age of 3-6 years to 10 000-12 000 stems ha -1 at the age of 17-20 years. On neither site fertilization affected biomass production of alders during the study period. Leafless above-ground biomass was 52-57 Mg ha -1 after 17-20 years. Mean annual leafless above-ground biomass production (MAI) increased with increase of rotation time. At the age of 17-20 years the MAI was 2.8-3.0 Mg ha a -1 . At Muhos, ash increased foliar P and Ca concentrations, but decreased those of Mn.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Biomass production of coppiced grey alder and the effect of fertilization

Hytönen¹,

Saarsalmi²

2015

Silva Fenn.

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“…The results of the given study agree with those done in other countries [4,5,18,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The findings of the given study agree with the conclusions of Finnish and Swedish researchers, that birch as a species is sensitive to the availability of soil mineral nutrients, which is decisive for birch productivity [7,40,43].…”

Section: Magnesium (G/kg)supporting

confidence: 89%

The Use of Mineral Nutrients for Biomass Production by Young Birch Stands and Stands Vitality in Different Forest Growing Conditions

Daugaviete¹,

Korica²,

Silins³

et al. 2015

JESE-B

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Abstract:The data of field studies about mineral nutrient content in the biomass components of young birch stands (9-15 years old) in different forest growing conditions and soil types have been analyzed. In forest growing conditions on fertile soils (ASG, TSC and SP) the total amount of biomass produced by young birch stands divides into fractions as follows: stem wood 51.8%-59.5%; branch wood 9.8%-12.4%; foliage 5.7%-6.8%; stump wood and roots 25%-30%. In forest types on lean soils (TP) the same indices are 32.3%-41.8%, 18.2%-24.2%, 13.2%-16.1% and 26.8%-27.4%, respectively. The stand performance closely correlates with the basic nutrient (P, N, K, C and Mg) availability in forest soils. In lean typicpodzol soils (TP) the content of mineral nutrients is no higher than 20%-48% of that in more fertile soils (ASG, TSC and SP). In young birch stands the take-up of mineral nutrients from 0-40 cm soil layer for developing the above-ground biomass makes a fairly small proportion of the total: up to 4.8%-6.2% for P; 4.9%-12.2% for N; 1.1%-4.1% for K; 11.6% for Ca; 0.8%-7.7% for Mg; in leaner soils the same indices are P 0.1%-0.4%, N 1%-1.5%, K 0.2%-0.6%, Ca 0.1%-0.9%, Mg 0.1%-0.8%, respectively. The analyses of pest damages in young birch stands confirm a hypothesis that the degree of pest damage depends on the stand vitality as described by the site index.

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“…Even though during the first years after ash application and afforestation ground vegetation exceeds tree seedlings as carbon stock [18], later the major C binding ecosystem components are trees. On cutaway peatlands dense downy birch stands have been shown to bind 200 -280 g [63] and Scots pine stands 46 -329 g CO 2 -C m -2 ·y -1 [17] in their leafless above-ground biomass. If we assume root biomass to be 30% of the above-ground biomass [64], it would correspond total biomass 60 -428 g CO 2 -C m -2 ·y -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ash-Fertilization and Soil Preparation on Soil Respiration and Vegetation Colonization on Cutaway Peatlands

Silvan¹,

Hytönen²

2016

AJCC

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As a result of several decades of peat extraction, the area of cutaway peatlands in Finland totals ca. 50,000 ha. Furthermore, some 2000 -3000 ha of peatlands are abandoned annually from active peat extraction. Forestry is considered to be their main after-use option. However, since cutaway peat is generally rich in nitrogen, but poor in phosphorus and potassium, soil amelioration measures are needed for successful vegetation and afforestation. Soil preparations bringing mineral soil into peat surface or recycling of ash containing P and K are alternative ways for soil amelioration. We studied the initial effects of soil preparation and ash fertilization on soil CO2-effluxes and colonisation of cutaway peat by vegetation. Oppositely to the previous studies, this study shows that carbon released from the residual peat may be so high that the ash-fertilized cutaway peatlands still act as sources of carbon even after afforestation. However, even though the CO2-effluxes following ash fertilization or soil preparation may occasionally exceed the carbon sequestration into growing tree stands, afforestation mostly compensates the CO2-effluxes if also we take into consideration the below-ground biomass. In conclusion, our study shows that although ash-fertilization enhances the CO2-effluxes into the atmosphere, it has beneficial effects on the environment by enabling rapid colonisation of vegetation on these sites which would remain vegetationless for decades without soil amelioration.

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Biomass and nutrition of naturally regenerated and coppiced birch on cutaway peatland during 37 years

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Biomass production of coppiced grey alder and the effect of fertilization

Biomass production of coppiced grey alder and the effect of fertilization

The Use of Mineral Nutrients for Biomass Production by Young Birch Stands and Stands Vitality in Different Forest Growing Conditions

Impact of Ash-Fertilization and Soil Preparation on Soil Respiration and Vegetation Colonization on Cutaway Peatlands

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