Biomass, composition and activity of organism assemblages along a salinity gradient in sea ice subjected to river discharge in the Baltic Sea

Kaartokallio, Hermanni; Kuosa, Harri; Thomas, David N.; Granskog, Mats A.; Kivi, Kai

doi:10.1007/s00300-006-0172-z

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Despite the low surface salinity of the northern Baltic Sea (PSU ≤7), brine channels hosting active microbial food webs are found in the Baltic Sea ice (Norrman & Andersson 1994, Meiners et al 2002, Kaartokallio 2004, and the icealgal biomass is manifold compared to the phytoplankton biomass in the underlying water column (Haecky et al 1998, Meiners et al 2002, Kaartokallio et al 2007. Bacteria in polar sea ice have been reported to be more active (27 to 34%, 5-cyano-2, 3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride stained) than bacteria in the water column (1 to 10%) (Junge et al 2002, Martin et al 2008); a similar result was obtained from the Baltic Sea (J. Piiparinen unpubl.…”

Section: Abstract: Uva · Sea Ice · Bacterial Production · Algae · Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of UVA radiation on algae and bacteria in Baltic Sea ice

Piiparinen¹,

Kuosa²

2011

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Section: Abstract: Uva · Sea Ice · Bacterial Production · Algae · Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of UVA radiation on algae and bacteria in Baltic Sea ice

Piiparinen¹,

Kuosa²

2011

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…The bacterial production procedures employed (i.e., 17 February, 11 March, 8 April, and 1 May) have been described by Søgaard et al (2010), except those between 13 and 16 March, when the measurements were made using an ice-crushing method described by Kaartokallio (2004) and Kaartokallio et al (2007). The two methods used for bacterial production measurements yield comparable results (the mean values from March using the ice-crushing method were 2.4 lg C l -1 day -1 and the mean values from April using the melting sea ice approach were 2.5 lg C l -1 day -1 ).…”

Section: Temporal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative contributions of biological and abiotic processes to carbon dynamics in subarctic sea ice

et al. 2013

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Knowledge on the relative effects of biological activity and precipitation/dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in influencing the air-ice CO 2 exchange in sea-icecovered season is currently lacking. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal occurrence of CaCO 3 and other biogeochemical parameters in sea ice are still not well described. Here we investigated autotrophic and heterotrophic activity as well as the precipitation/dissolution of CaCO 3 in subarctic sea ice in South West Greenland. Integrated over the entire ice season (71 days), the sea ice was net autotrophic with a net carbon fixation of 56 mg C m -2 , derived from a sea-icerelated gross primary production of 153 mg C m -2 and a bacterial carbon demand of 97 mg C m -2 . Primary production contributed only marginally to the TCO 2 depletion of the sea ice (7-25 %), which was mainly controlled by physical export by brine drainage and CaCO 3 precipitation. The net biological production could only explain 4 % of this sea-ice-driven CO 2 uptake. Abiotic processes contributed to an air-sea CO 2 uptake of 1.5 mmol m -2 sea ice day -1 , and dissolution of CaCO 3 increased the air-sea CO 2 uptake by 36 % compared to a theoretical estimate of melting CaCO 3 -free sea ice. There was a considerable spatial and temporal variability of CaCO 3 and the other biogeochemical parameters measured (dissolved organic and inorganic nutrients).

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“…flagellates and ciliates) and autotrophic protists (e.g. diatoms) (Kaartokallio et al 2006). During sea ice formation, microorganisms, inorganic solutes and solids can be incorporated into the ice and accumulate to concentrations higher than that in the underlying seawater (Reimnitz et al 1992, Grossmann & Gleitz 1993, Gradinger & Ikävalko 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autotrophic and heterotrophic activity in Arctic first-year sea ice: seasonal study from Malene Bight, SW Greenland

Søgaard¹,

Kristensen²,

Rysgaard³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We present a study of autotrophic and heterotrophic activities of Arctic sea ice (Malene Bight, SW Greenland) as measured by 2 different approaches: (1) standard incubation techniques (H 14 CO 3 -and [ 3 H]thymidine incubation) on sea ice cores brought to the laboratory and (2) cores incubated in situ in plastic bags with subsequent melting and measurements of changes in total O 2 concentrations. The standard incubations showed that the annual succession followed a distinctive pattern, with a low, almost balancing heterotrophic and autotrophic activity during February and March. This period was followed by an algal bloom in late March and April, leading to a net autotrophic community. During February and March, the oxygen level in the bag incubations remained constant, validating the low balanced heterotrophic and autotrophic activity. As the autotrophic activity exceeded the heterotrophic activity in late March and April, it resulted in a significant net oxygen accumulation in the bag incubations. Integrated over the entire season, the sea ice of Malene Bight was net autotrophic with an annual net carbon fixation of 220 mg C m -2 , reflecting the net result of a sea ice-related gross primary production of 350 mg C m -2 and concurrent bacterial carbon demand of 130 mg C m -2 . Converting the O 2 net exchange of the bag incubations into carbon turnover estimated an annual net carbon fixation of 1700 ± 760 mg C m -2 (mean ± SD), which was higher than the annual net carbon fixation quantified in the standard incubations.

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Biomass, composition and activity of organism assemblages along a salinity gradient in sea ice subjected to river discharge in the Baltic Sea

Cited by 44 publications

References 45 publications

Impact of UVA radiation on algae and bacteria in Baltic Sea ice

Impact of UVA radiation on algae and bacteria in Baltic Sea ice

The relative contributions of biological and abiotic processes to carbon dynamics in subarctic sea ice

Autotrophic and heterotrophic activity in Arctic first-year sea ice: seasonal study from Malene Bight, SW Greenland

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