Biomass composition of perennial grasses for biofuel production in North Dakota, USA

Xue, Qingwu; Nyrén, Pål; Wang, Guojie; Eriksmoen, Eric; Bradbury, Gordon J.; Halverson, Mark A.; Aberle, Ezra; Nichols, Kristine A.; Liebig, Mark A.

doi:10.4155/bfs.11.123

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In 2012, however, below-average precipitation resulted in decline of shoot biomass for all grasses (Tables 3 and 8). Our trend of shoot biomass with year for intermediate wheatgrass was in contrast to that reported by Culman et al (2013) in Michigan, but intermediate wheatgrass outperformed switchgrass in shoot biomass yield in South Dakota (Lee et al, 2009) and North Dakota (Xue et al, 2011), a case similar to that observed in our study. It is possible that intermediate wheatgrass performs better in North Dakota and South Dakota due to lower precipitation than in Michigan.…”

Section: Insupporting

confidence: 81%

Root biomass, root/shoot ratio, and soil water content under perennial grasses with different nitrogen rates

Sainju

Allen

Lenssen

et al. 2017

Field Crops Research

110

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Roots help in soil water and nutrient uptake and provide carbon (C) input for soil C sequestration, but information on root biomass of bioenergy perennial grasses is lacking. Root/shoot ratios are used to estimate crop root biomass and C inputs, but the values for perennial grasses are also scanty. We examined root biomass, root/shoot ratios, and soil water contents to a depth of 120 cm after grass harvest in the fall for three bioenergy perennial grasses applied with four nitrogen (N) fertilization rates from 2011 to 2013 in the northern Great Plains, USA. Perennial grasses were intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth and Dewey), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and N fertilization rates were 0, 28, 56, and 84 kg N ha−1. Root biomass declined with depth and about 60% of the total biomass was located at 0-15 cm where intermediate wheatgrass and switchgrass had higher biomass than smooth bromegrass in 2011. Shoot biomass was greater in intermediate wheatgrass in 2011 and in switchgrass in 2013 than other grasses and increased with increased N rates. Root/shoot ratio was greater in switchgrass than other grasses at 0-120 cm in 2011, but was greater in smooth bromegrass than switchgrass at 0-60, 0-90, and 0-120 cm in 2012 and 2013. Mean root/shoot ratios across N rates and years were not different among grasses and varied from 1.54 at 0-15 cm to 2.54 at 0-120 cm, which were substantially greater than 0.15 and 0.33, respectively, observed for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil water content increased with depth and was greater under switchgrass than other grasses at 0-120 cm in 2011 and 2013. Water content varied with N rate at various soil depths and years. Root biomass was negatively correlated with soil water content (r = −0.56, P = 0.03, n = 15). Because of greater root and shoot biomass, intermediate wheatgrass reduced soil water content due to increased water uptake and will likely provide more C inputs for soil C sequestration from belowground biomass compared to smooth bromegrass and spring wheat. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. A B S T R A C TRoots help in soil water and nutrient uptake and provide carbon (C) input for soil C sequestration, but information on root biomass of bioenergy perennial grasses is lacking. Root/shoot ratios are used to estimate crop root biomass and C inputs, but the values for perennial grasses are also scanty. We examined root biomass, root/ shoot ratios, and soil water contents to a depth of 120 cm after grass harvest in the fall for three bioenergy perennial grasses applied with four nitrogen ( . Root biomass declined with depth and about 60% of the total biomass was located at 0-15 cm where intermediate wheatgrass and switchgrass had higher biomass than smooth bromegrass in 2011. Shoot biomass was greater in intermediate wheatgrass in 2011 and in swi...

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Section: Insupporting

confidence: 81%

Root biomass, root/shoot ratio, and soil water content under perennial grasses with different nitrogen rates

Sainju

Allen

Lenssen

et al. 2017

Field Crops Research

110

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“…Hemicellulose amount was lower than in switchgrass SFS1 biomass (223 vs. 241 g kg -1 DM) and average NSC, WSC and starch concentrations were similar in the grass biomass of the both harvest years. Compared to published results (Xue et al, 2011), the whole plant of two switchgrass varieties harvested during the second week of September after the grasses reached maturity stage, contained amounts of NDF, carbohydrates Cel and HCel and lignin, falling within the value ranges for respective component of switchgrass at SFS in our study (Table 3). According to biomass quality data, switchgrass biomass at the seed filling stage in the 2 nd harvest year shows higher energy potential both for bioethanol and direct combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Carbohydrate and lignin partitioning in switchgrass biomass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a bioenergy feedstock

Butkutė

Lemežienė

Cesevičienė

et al. 2013

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Approaching switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a multifunctional energy plant, it is important to comprehensively study the composition and partitioning of organic substances in the biomass. The character of carbohydrates and lignin concentration variation was assessed in switchgrass biomass cut at two maturity stages (heading and seed filling) in the first and second harvest years. Quality components partitioning in the biomass of aboveground plant parts was examined in leaves, stems and panicles of the most productive switchgrass accessions cut at seed filling. The concentrations of lignocellulose (NDF), cellulose (Cel), sum of structural carbohydrates (holocellulose -HoCel), sum of nonstructural and structural carbohydrates (ΣCH 2 O) and lignin in switchgrass biomass of both plant development stages in the second harvest year were significantly higher, whereas an average hemicellulose (HCel) concentration was significantly lower compared with the respective parameters in the first harvest year. The concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their individual fractions (water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and starch) in biomass were similar both in the first and second harvest years. The concentrations of NDF, Cel, HoCel and ΣCH 2 O and particularly lignin at seed filling were significantly higher compared with the respective data at heading in both harvest years. High lignin concentration (105 g kg -1 dry matter (DM)) in switchgrass biomass at seed filling in the second harvest year showed its great suitability for solid biofuel production. Considerable amount of ΣCH 2 O (693-742 g kg -1 DM) indicated that switchgrass biomass at this stage fits for the second-generation bioethanol production. At heading, switchgrass in the second harvest year produced quite a high NSC yield (an average 28.4 g plant -1 ) and low lignin output (an average 19.3 g plant -1 ), which is a favourable feature of feedstock for biogas production, biomass at seed filling is less suitable for that than at heading. Switchgrass plant part significantly (P < 0.01) affected the concentration of all biomass quality attributes tested, but did not affect HCel concentration. Accessions' DM yield correlated positively with NDF (r = 0.781, P < 0.05), Cel (r = 0.882, P < 0.01) and lignin (r = 0.517) and negatively with WSC and NSC (r = −0.982, −0.959; P < 0.01).

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“…The high yielding cultivars generally had low ash content [19]. In NGP, we reported the chemical composition of the above 10 perennial grasses and mixtures shown in Table 3 (Table 5) [35]. In another study in NGP, Karki et al (2011) showed that tall wheatgrass had similar composition to switchgrass and has potential for ethanol production [39].…”

Section: Entry Hettingermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Development of perennial biofuel crops may provide long-term sustainability on these lands by reducing soil erosion, increasing soil organic matter, reducing greenhouse gases and enhancing carbon sequestration [35]. Studies have shown that perennial crops provided many ecological and environmental benefits.…”

Section: Ecological and Environmental Benefits Of Biofuel Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biomass Production in Northern Great Plains of USA – Agronomic Perspective

Xue¹,

Wang²,

Nyrén³

2013

Biomass Now - Cultivation and Utilization

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Biomass composition of perennial grasses for biofuel production in North Dakota, USA

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Root biomass, root/shoot ratio, and soil water content under perennial grasses with different nitrogen rates

Root biomass, root/shoot ratio, and soil water content under perennial grasses with different nitrogen rates

Carbohydrate and lignin partitioning in switchgrass biomass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a bioenergy feedstock

Biomass Production in Northern Great Plains of USA – Agronomic Perspective

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