Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon as a Catalyst for the Effective Degradation of Rhodamine B dye

Abstract

Activated carbon (AC) was fabricated from carrot waste using ZnCl2 as the activating agent and calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in a tube furnace. The as-synthesized AC was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis; the results revealed that it exhibited a high specific surface area and high porosity. Moreover, this material displayed superior catalytic activity for the degradation of toxic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. Rate constant for the degradation of RhB was ascertained at different experimental conditions. Lastly, we used the Arrhenius equation and determined that the activation energy for the decomposition of RhB using AC was approximately 35.9 kJ mol−1, which was very low. Hopefully it will create a great platform for the degradation of other toxic dye in near future.

Mixed Organic Counterion Strategy Modulates the Self-Assembly of Polyoxometalate Hybrids into Toroids and Affects Their Photochromic and Photocatalytic Properties

“…Some probable reasons for this could be the following: hybrid 4 showed the maximum amount of well-formed and stable toroidal structures, whose cavities can be beneficial for better adsorption of the dye molecules compared to other hybrids. Furthermore, the presence of some HPDS with −OH functional group in hybrid 4 may help in better adsorbing the dye molecules through the H-bonding interaction. , Hybrid 5 , with a very large and unstable toroidal assembly and having no HPDS moiety, may be less efficient in adsorbing the dye and catalyzing its photodegradation than hybrid 4 . The stability of the toroidal assembly of hybrid 4 , after five cycles of catalysis, has been analyzed by FESEM, see Figure S55, Supporting Information.…”

“…Furthermore, the presence of some HPDS with −OH functional group in hybrid 4 may help in better adsorbing the dye molecules through the H-bonding interaction. 82,83 Hybrid 5, with a very large and unstable toroidal assembly and having no HPDS moiety, may be less efficient in adsorbing the dye and catalyzing its photodegradation than hybrid 4. The stability of the toroidal assembly of hybrid 4, after five cycles of catalysis, has been analyzed by FESEM, see Figure S55, Supporting Information.…”

Composition Dependence of Structural, Optical, Magnetic and Photodegradation Properties of Nanocrystalline NiO/CuO Heterostructured Powders

“…Under the influence of solar light radiation, the RhB, MB, MO, and MR solutions became colorless due to the electrochemical reduction that changes their molecular structures into leuco form. [ 70–72 ] This low‐molecular‐weight byproduct has a blueshifted absorption compared to the original monomer. [ 73 ]…”

Recent advancement of biomass-derived porous carbon based materials for energy and environmental remediation applications

“…, for introducing heteroatoms externally to the carbon framework 41–43 while self-doped nanoporous carbon is derived from biomass precursors enriched with naturally available heteroatom rich functional groups. 44,45 These functional groups and heteroatoms in such bionic structures of biomass are conducive towards providing high rate performance of the materials with respect to enhanced surface wettability and improved conductivity. 46…”