Biomass derived ionic liquids: synthesis from natural organic acids, characterization, toxicity, biodegradation and use as solvents for catalytic hydrogenation processes

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of a New Class of Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquids with Attractive Antimicrobial Activity

“…The structures of ILs 1-6 were confirmed by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, FT-IR, and LCMS. The 1 H-NMR spectrum contained a singlet around δH 3.20 ppm corresponding to the six protons for N(CH3)2.…”

“…All of the 13 C-NMR spectra of ILs 1-6 showed the CH2 and CH3 signals at their usual chemical shifts. For example, the signals for the N(CH3)2, (OCH2), and (NCH2) carbons of IL 2 appeared at δC 39.6, 54.6, and 57.9 ppm, respectively.…”

“…All new compounds were characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and IR spectroscopy, and LCMS. H-NMR (400 MHz) and 13 C-NMR (100 MHz) spectra were measured in DMSO and D2O at room temperature.…”

“…H-NMR (400 MHz) and 13 C-NMR (100 MHz) spectra were measured in DMSO and D2O at room temperature. Chemical shifts (δ) were reported in ppm, with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard (Bruker, Faellanden, Switzerland).…”

“…An extensive range of applications of ILs has been reported based on the above-cited characteristics. For example, as an alternative solvent of volatile organic compounds [9,10], as media for the electrodeposition of metals [11], catalysts and biocatalysts [12][13][14], potential corrosion inhibitors [15,16], and in food chemical science [17]. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of various families of ILs against both environmental and clinically important microorganisms has been studied by different research groups [18,19].…”