Biomass Gasification Integrated Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Choudhury, Hanif A.; Chakma, Sankar; Moholkar, Vijayanand S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63289-0.00014-4

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…During the initial process, feedstock is heated at a temperature between 160 and 180 °C to remove the moisture from the feedstock, and then the temperature is increased up to 200 The updraft fixed bed gasifier is usually more popular at small-to medium-scale conditions because of its simplicity, configuration, and low cost [65]. Here, the feedstock material is fed from the top while the air enters from the bottom through a grate [65,66]. The combustion process starts at the bottom of the updraft fixed bed gasifier, and there the biochar is formed following a drying and de-volatilization process of the treated material.…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combustion process starts at the bottom of the updraft fixed bed gasifier, and there the biochar is formed following a drying and de-volatilization process of the treated material. As a result of this activity, the temperature of the lower part of the gasifier can increase up to 727 • C. The hot gases produced at the bottom portion of the gasifier move upward and mix with the downward feedstock in the reduction portion, reducing the moisture content of this material and decreasing the temperature of the reactor to about 200-300 • C [66]. Finally, the produced gases leave the top of the reactor whereas biochar and ash are collected in a pit located at the bottom of the reactor.…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the produced gases leave the top of the reactor whereas biochar and ash are collected in a pit located at the bottom of the reactor. In this process, the collected biochar yield depends on the feedstock, temperature, gasifiers, gasifying agents, and O 2 flow rate utilized [65,66]. Yao et al [67] reported that biochar yield was decreased from 0.22 to 0.14 kg kg −1 biomass when the O 2 flow rate was increased from 0.1 to 0.6 kg h −1 .…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar and Its Broad Impacts in Soil Quality and Fertility, Nutrient Leaching and Crop Productivity: A Review

et al. 2021

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Biochar is gaining significant attention due to its potential for carbon (C) sequestration, improvement of soil health, fertility enhancement, and crop productivity and quality. In this review, we discuss the most common available techniques for biochar production, the main physiochemical properties of biochar, and its effects on soil health, including physical, chemical, and biological parameters of soil quality and fertility, nutrient leaching, salt stress, and crop productivity and quality. In addition, the impacts of biochar addition on salt-affected and heavy metal contaminated soils were also reviewed. An ample body of literature supports the idea that soil amended with biochar has a high potential to increase crop productivity due to the concomitant improvement in soil structure, high nutrient use efficiency (NUE), aeration, porosity, and water-holding capacity (WHC), among other soil amendments. However, the increases in crop productivity in biochar-amended soils are most frequently reported in the coarse-textured and sandy soils compared with the fine-textured and fertile soils. Biochar has a significant effect on soil microbial community composition and abundance. The negative impacts that salt-affected and heavy metal polluted soils have on plant growth and yield and on components of soil quality such as soil aggregation and stability can be ameliorated by the application of biochar. Moreover, most of the positive impacts of biochar application have been observed when biochar was applied with other organic and inorganic amendments and fertilizers. Biochar addition to the soil can decrease the nitrogen (N) leaching and volatilization as well as increase NUE. However, some potential negative effects of biochar on microbial biomass and activity have been reported. There is also evidence that biochar addition can sorb and retain pesticides for long periods of time, which may result in a high weed infestation and control cost.

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Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar and Its Broad Impacts in Soil Quality and Fertility, Nutrient Leaching and Crop Productivity: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…57 The LTFT and HTFT processes mainly produce syncrude with, respectively, substantial amounts of heavy waxy hydrocarbon and light syncrude/olefins. 58 The performance of a FT catalyst depends on its chemical components. Several kinds of catalysts exist for FT synthesis, among them the transition metals cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), Ni and ruthenium (Ru) exhibit noticeable activity in hydrocarbon synthesis.…”

Section: Fischer-tropsch Synthesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on operating conditions, the FT process is usually of two types: high temperature (HTFT) operating between 300 and 350 °C; and low temperature (LTFT) operating between 200 and 240 °C 57 . The LTFT and HTFT processes mainly produce syncrude with, respectively, substantial amounts of heavy waxy hydrocarbon and light syncrude/olefins 58 …”

Section: Syngas Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable fuels from different carbonaceous feedstocks: a sustainable route through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Gupta

Kumar

Maity

2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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The Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process is an alternative route to produce petroleum crude equivalent, as this process converts carbonaceous feedstock‐derived (e.g. coal, biomass, natural gas) syngas to synthetic liquid fuels and chemicals. The technology also is known as gas‐to‐liquid (GTL), coal‐to‐liquid (CTL) and biomass‐to‐liquid (BTL) depending on the source of the syngas. Global demand for clean transportation fuels, volatile oil prices, unstable market scenarios and dwindling reserves of petroleum crude are the major drivers for fostering the FT process. FT‐derived synthetic liquid fuel has enormous potential to replace petroleum crude‐based transportation fuels. There is a possibility that individual countries can produce significant shares of their fuel using CTL, GTL and BTL technologies which help during shortages/peak oil circumstances. The present article summarizes the development of conversion of the different carbonaceous feedstock to liquid fuel including syngas generation, as well as catalytic conversion to liquid fuel via the FT route. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Generation of Sustainable Energy from Agro‐Residues through Thermal Pretreatment for Developing Nations: A Review

Ibitoye

Jen

Mahamood

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Energy is a prerequisite for any nation's industrial, social, and economic advancements. [1][2][3][4] Energy can broadly be categorized into renewable and nonrenewable energies. Nonrenewable energies are energy that cannot be replenished over a short period. Examples of such energy are coal, nuclear energy, natural gas, and crude oil. Renewable energies, in contrast, are those energies that are replenishable over a short period. This form of energy includes solar, hydro, tidal, wind, biomass energy, etc. Biomass energy is the energy generated from biomass materials. Biomass material could be woody (such as teak, mahogany), nonwoody (such as agro-residues, industrial waste), and animal materials. [5] Agroresidues are described as all organic materials that are generated as byproducts from agricultural activities. These byproducts constitute the main part of biomass feedstock's total annual production, which forms an essential and sustainable source of energy for industrial and domestic applications. [6] They are material that are of benefit to humankind, though their economic benefits are less than the cost of transformation for advantageous use. [7] Agro-residues can be divided into residues generated on the field and residues generated during the processing of agricultural products. [8] Field-based residues include but are not limited to tobacco stalks, maize stalks, sugar cane tops, rice straw, soybean straw/pods, and cocoa pods. In contrast, process-based include peanuts shell, rice husk, maize cob, bagasse, and coffee husk. Agro-residues are available in large quantities in an area with a high level of agricultural activities. [9] In developing nations, major agricultural activities are recorded in the rural areas, resulting in a larger quantity of agro-residues in these areas. [10,11] Most of the time, the farmers in developing nations' dump these residues in an open field or

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Biomass Gasification Integrated Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Cited by 29 publications

References 68 publications

Biochar and Its Broad Impacts in Soil Quality and Fertility, Nutrient Leaching and Crop Productivity: A Review

Biochar and Its Broad Impacts in Soil Quality and Fertility, Nutrient Leaching and Crop Productivity: A Review

Renewable fuels from different carbonaceous feedstocks: a sustainable route through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Generation of Sustainable Energy from Agro‐Residues through Thermal Pretreatment for Developing Nations: A Review

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