Biomass Gasifier ''Tars'': Their Nature, Formation, and Conversion

Milne, Thomas A.; Evans, Robert J.; Abatzaglou, N.

doi:10.2172/3726

Cited by 730 publications

(817 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…The button cells were fabricated by Materials and Systems Research, Inc. (MSRI-Salt Lake City, Utah) and feature [29] a 700-lm Ni-8YSZ anode, a 10-or 25-lm YSZ electrolyte, and a 20-lm LSM cathode. The cells also contained a 25-lm-thick Ni/YSZ anode interlayer featuring a tailored Ni grain size and a 25-lm-thick cathode interlayer, which was a composite LSM/YSZ mixture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Impact Associated with Ni-Based SOFCs Fueled with Higher Hydrocarbon-Doped Coal Syngas

Hackett

Gerdes

Chen

et al. 2015

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E

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Energy generation strategies demonstrating high efficiency and fuel flexibility are desirable in the contemporary energy market. When integrated with a gasification process, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) can produce electricity at efficiencies exceeding 50 pct by consuming fuels such as coal, biomass, municipal solid waste, or other opportunity wastes. The synthesis gas derived from such fuel may contain trace species (including arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, phosphorus, sulfur, and tars) and low concentration organic species that adversely affect the SOFC performance. This work demonstrates the impact of exposure of the hydrocarbons ethylene, benzene, and naphthalene at various concentrations. The cell performance degradation rate is determined for tests exceeding 500 hours at 1073 K (800°C). Cell performance is evaluated during operation with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and exposed samples are postoperationally analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The short-term performance is modeled to predict performances to the desired 40,000-hours operational lifetime for SOFCs. Possible hydrocarbon interactions with the nickel anode are postulated, and acceptable hydrocarbon exposure limits are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tars are found in the gas phase due to the high temperatures involved in gasification. Milne and Evans [29] describe a typical biomass tar composition, which is reproduced in Table I. Singh et al [30] conducted a thermodynamic analysis of carbon deposition in a SOFC fueled by a biomass gasifier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Impact Associated with Ni-Based SOFCs Fueled with Higher Hydrocarbon-Doped Coal Syngas

Hackett

Gerdes

Chen

et al. 2015

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E

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“…However, this type of fuel conversion presents several drawbacks. One of the most important disadvantages of BGFB's is the unacceptable tar content in the raw syngas for power production in internal combustion engines, combined cycle gas turbine, fuel cells, chemical synthesis, etc [9]. The tar problem in BG underlie in its physical properties: a low dew point yielding the condensation of sticky and refractory slurries that can lead to operational problems as blockage and attrition in filters, heat exchangers, exit pipes, etc [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas cleaning systems for conditioning syngas produced by BG reactors have been extensively studied and reviewed along the time since gas quality requirements for different gas application changes with the technology development and improvement [9]. As for example, the NREL of Colorado [9] and the ECN Institution [12] have reviewed the state-of-the-art of tar removal technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moving bed syngas conditioning: Modelling

Gómez-García

Sánchez-Prieto

Soria-Verdugo

et al. 2014

Applied Thermal Engineering

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This paper presents a modelling approach for simulating tars and particulate (dust) removal in a moving bed heat exchange filter (MBHEF) in order to satisfy gas requirements of end-use syngas applications: engines and turbines. The two-dimension, adiabatic, steady-state proposed model accounts for two-phase (gas and solid) and neglects conduction and mass diffusion. Tars condensation is modelled through representative tar class lumps: phenol (class 2), naphthalene (class 4), pyrene (class 5). The model also considers tar concentration influence on the tar dew point. The filtration model is taken from literature. A sensitivity analysis is performed varying the particle size and the superficial gas velocity. Maps of temperature and tars abatement efficiency are presented. The simulation results indicate the feasibility of the use a MBHEF as tars removal equipment benefiting its advantages against others gas-cleaning methods with acceptable pollutant removal efficiencies, ranging 88e94% for ranges studied. Results also point out low gas velocities (0.5-1 m/s) and high particle size (400e700 mm) for reducing operational costs in MBHEFs with compact size.

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Progress in Biomass Gasification: An Overview

Maniatis

2001

Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion

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Biomass Gasifier ''Tars'': Their Nature, Formation, and Conversion

Cited by 730 publications

References 177 publications

Performance Impact Associated with Ni-Based SOFCs Fueled with Higher Hydrocarbon-Doped Coal Syngas

Performance Impact Associated with Ni-Based SOFCs Fueled with Higher Hydrocarbon-Doped Coal Syngas

Moving bed syngas conditioning: Modelling

Progress in Biomass Gasification: An Overview

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