Biomass into chemicals: Conversion of sugars to furan derivatives by catalytic processes

Tong, Xinli; Ma, Yang; Li, Yongdan

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2010.06.049

Cited by 774 publications

(306 citation statements)

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“…Among plenty of bio-based chemicals, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) stands out as the only aromatic diacid building block, which guarantees adequate thermomechanical properties of the ensuing polymers [1][2][3]. Normally, FDCA is produced by oxidation or biotransformation of hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) [4], and HMF can be obtained from dehydration of plant-based sugars [5,6]. FDCA has been investigated intensively both in academia and industry because it is a perfect bio-based substitute to the petroleum-based terephthalate acid (TPA), which is a versatile monomer for polyester and poly amide [2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-ε-caprolactone): A new bio-based elastomer with high strength and biodegradability

Zheng¹,

Zang²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.A new bio-based elastomer, poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PBFCL), has been synthesized from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 1,4-butanediol, and ε-caprolactone successfully for the first time. The obtained copolyester was characterized in terms of chemical structure, thermal and mechanical properties, and enzymatic degradability. In PBFCL elastomer, butylene-2,5-furandiacrboxylate units (hard segments) crystallize to serve as physical crosslinks while ε-caprolactone polyester diol (soft segments) provide flexibility. PBFCL is a multi-blocked copolyester with randomly distributed rigid and soft segments. It possesses original feature of high strength and biodegradability stemming from the uses of aromatic and aliphatic monomers respectively. An important aspect of this new furanic-aliphatic polyester is its tailor-made properties simply achieved by changing the content of hard or soft segments. Typically, PBFCL-40 of optimal composition has Young's modulus as low as 15.4 MPa, tensile strength as high 24.8 MPa, and elongation as long as 885%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-ε-caprolactone): A new bio-based elastomer with high strength and biodegradability

Zheng¹,

Zang²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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show abstract

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the key intermediates in order to convert the biomass to valuable chemicals such as polymers, biofuels, and bulk chemicals. 1 The most effective way of producing HMF is by carbohydrate conversion, especially dehydration of fructose.Fructose dehydration reaction occurs on the acid sites of the catalyst. Acid concentration, type of acid sites, and acid strength of the catalyst affect the product distribution significantly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO₂–SiO₂, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Activated Carbon Catalysts

Kılıç

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Different sulfated catalysts including SO 4 /TiO 2 −SiO 2 , SO 4 /Ti-SBA-15, SO 4 /ZrO 2 , SO 4 /AC, and SO 4 /SiO 2 were tested in fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Reactions were carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 110°C. Characterization results indicated that no sulfur leaching was observed from SO 4 /ZrO 2 , SO 4 /TiO 2 −SiO 2 , and SO 4 /Ti-SBA-15 catalysts in the reaction tests. The SO 4 /TiO 2 −SiO 2 catalyst had a high amount of strong acid sites and the highest amount of Bronsted sites. The highest selectivity to HMF at high conversion, that is, 89% selectivity at 77% fructose conversion was obtained over this catalyst. It preserved its activity after four times reuse. ■ INTRODUCTIONDiminishing fossil fuel reserves and CO 2 emission problems force people to find alternative and sustainable resources to produce valuable chemicals. Production of these chemicals from biomass is an environmentally friendly process compared to a petroleum based process. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the key intermediates in order to convert the biomass to valuable chemicals such as polymers, biofuels, and bulk chemicals. 1 The most effective way of producing HMF is by carbohydrate conversion, especially dehydration of fructose.Fructose dehydration reaction occurs on the acid sites of the catalyst. Acid concentration, type of acid sites, and acid strength of the catalyst affect the product distribution significantly. 2−4 It is reported that fructose conversion to intermediates takes place on the Lewis sites, whereas Bronsted sites are responsible for the HMF formation from these intermediates. 5 Various acid catalysts including homogeneous (ionic liquids, mineral and organic acids) and heterogeneous types have been investigated. Because of the product contamination and recovery problems, heterogeneous catalysts are generally preferred. Wide ranges of heterogeneous catalysts (e.g., resins, metal sulfates, metal phosphates, heteropolyacids, zeolites, niobic acid based catalysts) have been tested. 3,6−15 However, no satisfactory yields have been achieved yet. Some of the catalysts have low stabilities due to leaching and some of them are not selective and promote side product formation such as formic acid and levulinic acid. Therefore, there are still studies pursued to find a stable, active, selective, and cheap heterogeneous catalyst for fructose dehydration to HMF.Sulfur ions and sulfate groups create Bronsted and strong acid sites when loaded on a support, such as iron oxide, alumina, titania, and zirconia. They were very active in fructose dehydration. 7,17 However, they leached during the reaction in different solvents. Solvent type also affects HMF yield. Different types of solvents from environmentally benign alcohols and water to the high-boiling-point polar aprotic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylamide (DMA)) have been investigated. High yields of HMF have been achieved by using high-boiling-point solvents such as DMSO and DMA. 9 Zirconia is known as ...

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“…Most of the catalytic systems described in literature use mineral acids as catalyst which needs to be separated before downstream processing. The implementation of solid acid catalysts in this process may have several advantages over widely used liquid acid catalysts: (a) they facilitate the separation of product and can be recycled; (b) they can work at high temperatures, thus shortening the reaction time and favoring the formation of HMF instead of its decomposition during a prolonged reaction period; (c) they are capable of adjusting the surface acidity to improve the selectivity towards 5-HMF [7]. Hence, the near term challenges are the development of highly resistant and selective solid acid catalysts in appropriate solvent systems.…”

Section: -Hmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

2014

J Adv Chem Eng

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Biomass into chemicals: Conversion of sugars to furan derivatives by catalytic processes

Cited by 774 publications

References 103 publications

Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-ε-caprolactone): A new bio-based elastomer with high strength and biodegradability

Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-ε-caprolactone): A new bio-based elastomer with high strength and biodegradability

Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO₂–SiO₂, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Activated Carbon Catalysts

Advanced Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

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Biomass into chemicals: Conversion of sugars to furan derivatives by catalytic processes

Cited by 774 publications

References 103 publications

Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-ε-caprolactone): A new bio-based elastomer with high strength and biodegradability

Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-ε-caprolactone): A new bio-based elastomer with high strength and biodegradability

Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO2–SiO2, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO2, SiO2, and Activated Carbon Catalysts

Advanced Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

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Fructose Dehydration to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfated TiO₂–SiO₂, Ti-SBA-15, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Activated Carbon Catalysts