Biomass production and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes are influenced by the structural complexity of the nitrogen source in<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>and<i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>

Silva, Maybi Cristina da; Bertolini, Maria Célia; Ernandes, José Roberto

doi:10.1002/1521-4028(200110)41:5<269::aid-jobm269>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Earlier studies reported on the effect of media composition complexity, in particular in reference to the nitrogen source on various metabolic processes 10,12,20,27,31,32,43,45 . Supplementation of the medium with complex constituents always improved cellular metabolism.…”

Section: (-7'977-32mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Supplementation of the medium with complex constituents always improved cellular metabolism. In addition to the studies already discussed in this paper, the complexity of the medium supplementation was reported to interfere with specific metabolic pathways, such as control of glycogen metabolism in yeast 12 , secretion of enzymatic activities 10,20,27,31,32,43,45 , primary 1 and secondary metabolites 9 . The effect induced by specific kinds of peptides on metabolic routes of nitrogen and carbon metabolism was also considered.…”

Section: (-7'977-32mentioning

confidence: 85%

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Structural Complexity of the Nitrogen Source and Influence on Yeast Growth and Fermentation

Cruz

Cilli

Ernandes

2002

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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The structural complexity of the nitrogen source strongly affects both biomass and ethanol production by industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, during fermentation in media containing glucose or maltose, and supplemented with a nitrogen source varying from a single ammonium salt (ammonium sulfate) to free amino acids (casamino acids) and peptides (peptone). Diauxie was observed at low glucose and maltose concentrations independent of nitrogen supplementation. At high sugar concentrations diauxie was not easily observed, and growth and ethanol production depended on the nature of the nitrogen source. This was different for baking and brewing ale and lager yeast strains. Sugar concentration had a strong effect on the shift from oxido-fermentative to oxidative metabolism. At low sugar concentrations, biomass production was similar under both peptone and casamino acid supplementation. Under casamino acid supplementation, the time for metabolic shift increased with the glucose concentration, together with a decrease in the biomass production. This drastic effect on glucose fermentation resulted in the extinction of the second growth phase, probably due to the loss of cell viability. Ammonium salts always induced poor yeast performance. In general, supplementation with a nitrogen source in the peptide form (peptone) was more positive for yeast metabolism, inducing higher biomass and ethanol production, and preserving yeast viability, in both glucose and maltose media, for baking and brewing ale and lager yeast strains. Determination of amino acid utilization showed that most free and peptide amino acids present, in peptone and casamino acids, were utilized by the yeast, suggesting that the results described in this work were not due to a nutritional status induced by nitrogen limitation.Key words: Amino acids, fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, peptides, Saccharomyces, yeast. -2863(9'8-32Yeast are able to use a wide variety of compounds as a carbon and nitrogen source 8,44,45 . Nitrogen is one of the main elements found in many macromolecules of living organisms, playing a central role in structure and function, and most organisms have elaborate control mechanisms to provide a constant supply of nitrogen 8,21,22,37,45 . Thus, a substantial proportion of cellular activity is concerned with procuring and assimilating nitrogen. It has been observed that ammonia, asparagine, glutamine and glutamate are preferentially used by yeast 21,37 . When these primary nitrogen sources are absent, or present in concentrations low enough to limit growth, other nitrogen sources such as nitrite, nitrate, amides, amino acids and peptides can be used. The utilization of secondary nitrogen sources requires the synthesis of specific-catabolic enzymes and permeases, the expression of which is highly regulated by a process known as nitrogen catabolite repression. The latter is prevented in the presence of a preferred nitrogen source 21,45 . Studies on the effect of nitrogen with only one compound as sole nitrogen and/or carbon source...

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Section: (-7'977-32mentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: (-7'977-32mentioning

confidence: 85%

Structural Complexity of the Nitrogen Source and Influence on Yeast Growth and Fermentation

Cruz

Cilli

Ernandes

2002

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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“…In addition to the studies already discussed in this paper, the complexity of the medium supplementation has been reported to interfere with specific metabolic pathways, such as control of glycogen metabolism in yeast 11 , secretion of enzymatic activities 9,17,25,[28][29][30]40,42 , primary 1 and secondary 8 metabolites. The effect induced by specific kinds of peptides on metabolic routes of nitrogen and carbon metabolism have also been considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sugar Catabolite Repression in Correlation with the Structural Complexity of the Nitrogen Source on Yeast Growth and Fermentation

Cruz

Batistote

Ernandes

2003

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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Biomass and ethanol production by industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were strongly affected by the structural complexity of the nitrogen source during fermentation in media containing galactose, and supplemented with a nitrogen source varying from a single ammonium salt (ammonium sulfate) to free amino acids (casamino acids) and peptides (peptone). Diauxie was observed at low galactose concentrations independent of nitrogen supplementation. At high sugar concentrations altered patterns of galactose utilisation were observed. Biomass accumulation and ethanol production depended on the nature of the nitrogen source and were different for baking and brewing ale and lager strains. Baking yeast showed improved galactose fermentation performance in the medium supplemented with casamino acids. High biomass production was observed with peptone and casamino acids for the ale brewing strain, however high ethanol production was observed only in the presence of casamino acids. Conversely, peptone was the nitrogen supplement that induced higher biomass and ethanol production for the lager brewing strain. Ammonium salts always induced poor yeast performance. The results with galactose differed from those obtained with glucose and maltose which indicated that supplementation with a nitrogen source in the peptide form (peptone) was more positive for yeast metabolism, suggesting that sugar catabolite repression has a central role in yeast performance in a medium containing nitrogen sources with differing levels of structural complexity.

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“…The dependence of polygalacturonase activity on the nitrogen source was described. The influence of the structural complexity of the nitrogen source on the biomass production and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes was described in Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus nidulans (da Silva et al, 2001) as well as on the yeast growth and fermentation (da Cruz et al, 2002). The results obtained with A. pullulans showed that the variations in activities of polygalacturonase were in the first 24 h of cultivation caused by production of different forms of enzyme (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Production and biochemical characterization of polygalacturonases produced byAureobasidium pullulans from forest soil

et al. 2006

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The production of individual form of extracellular polygalacturonase by Aureobasidium pullulans from forest soil was found to depend on the pH of cultivation medium as well as on the nitrogen source in the precultivation or cultivation medium. Polygalacturonases were purified and characterized. The pH optima of polygalacturonases produced in the first phases of cultivation (24 or 48 h) and after 10 days as well as their molecular masses, isoelectric points, action pattern and ability to cleave polymeric and oligomeric substrates were different. Generally, polygalacturonases with random action pattern (EC 3.2.1.15) were produced only in the first phases of cultivation in acidic medium. The function of these enzymes for A. pullulans in the colonization of plant material rather than in the destruction of plant was hypothesized in physiological conditions. Exopolygalacturonases (EC 3.2.1.67) with terminal action pattern were produced in later phases of growth. Oligogalacturonate hydrolase as well as strongly basic polygalacturonase with unusual action pattern on substrates were found.

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Biomass production and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes are influenced by the structural complexity of the nitrogen source inFusarium oxysporumandAspergillus nidulans

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Structural Complexity of the Nitrogen Source and Influence on Yeast Growth and Fermentation

Structural Complexity of the Nitrogen Source and Influence on Yeast Growth and Fermentation

Effect of Sugar Catabolite Repression in Correlation with the Structural Complexity of the Nitrogen Source on Yeast Growth and Fermentation

Production and biochemical characterization of polygalacturonases produced byAureobasidium pullulans from forest soil

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