Biomass production by fescue and switchgrass alone and in mixed swards with legumes. Final project report

Collins, M.

doi:10.2172/52787

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Chicory yield increase per unit of N applied is comparable to that of tall fescue grown on the same soil. Total yields of chicory increased by 29 kg DM kg-1 of N applied in 1992, compared with a response of 26 kg DM kg-1 of N applied for tall fescue receiving as much as 225 kg ha-1 ofN annually during a 4-yr study (Collins, 1994). Yield response of chicory to added N was smaller during 1993, 19 kg DM kg-1 of N applied, probably due to lower midseason precipitation levels in that year.…”

Section: Established Standsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Chicory dry matter yields were affected by year, N level, harvest, and interactions among thes{: factors (Table 2). In contrast to the seeding year, seasonal yields of established chicory receiving no N were very low, averaging 1.8 Mg ha-1 • Unfertilized tall fescue yielded 2.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1 on the same soil over a 4-yr period (Collins, 1994).…”

Section: Established Standsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Chicory Productivity, Forage Quality, and Response to Nitrogen Fertilization

Collins

McCoy²

1997

Agronomy Journal

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Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) shows potential for use in grazing systems. Information is needed regarding the productivity and quality of chicory forage in midlatitude states of the USA. Forage yield and quality of chicory under several levels of N fertilization were determined in a Kentucky field experiment. Plots were established during late spring on a silt loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudult) and received 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg ha−1 of fertilizer N annually in two equal portions. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Herbage was harvested four times each year at 5‐wk intervals. With N fertilization, chicory produced maximum dry matter yields of 7.8 and 5.6 Mg ha−1 in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Increasing N level produced linear increases in first‐harvest yields and linear or quadratic increases at the third harvest, during midsummer, but N effects persisted only during the first growth period after application. Chicory forage was high in moisture: ≥850 g kg−1 in first‐harvest forage, which often increased with increasing N level. Chicory remained almost completely vegetative, and forage quality was consistently high. Nitrogen concentration averaged 22.9 and 22.3 g kg−1 in 1992 and 1993, respectively, and was affected by N fertilization primarily at the first harvest. Chicory forage exceeded 640 g kg−1 in vitro dry matter disappearance and remained below 400 in neutral‐detergent fiber concentration throughout the study. Chicory established rapidly and persisted well. Nitrogen‐fertilized chicory produced high midseason yields of highquality forage, suggesting that this species could supplement cool‐season grasses. The high rate and extent of N recovery found for chicory warrants further research to determine optimum N fertilization regimes.

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Section: Established Standsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Established Standsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chicory Productivity, Forage Quality, and Response to Nitrogen Fertilization

Collins

McCoy²

1997

Agronomy Journal

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“…However, large-scale research on nitrogen loading in response to application of SWG and MXG fertilizer is still lacking. Results derived from previous field studies conducted in Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota indicated that SWG appears to have an average nitrogen uptake efficiency 1.71 times higher than alfalfa [Huang et al 1996;Stout 1992;Collins 1994;Schmitt et al 1994]. There are few studies that directly compare MXG and alfalfa with regard to nitrogen uptake efficiency.…”

Section: Gray Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing County-level Water Footprints of Biofuel Produced from Switchgrass and Miscanthus x Giganteus in the United States

Chiu

2014

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“…For example, Sladden et al [21] reported more N was removed in switchgrass biomass than was applied in fertilizer-including in treatments with two cuttings per year. Collins [22] reported N removal for switchgrass receiving no fertilization ranged from 41 to 83 kg N per hectare per year.…”

Section: Biomass Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-Use Dynamics in Switchgrass Grown for Biomass

2008

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This work examines N use by switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). A study was conducted on two well-established 'Cave-in-Rock' switchgrass stands in Blacksburg (37°11′ N, 80°25′ W) and Orange (38°13′ N, 78°07′ W) Virginia, USA. Plots were fertilized in 2001 (year 1) with 0, 90, 180, or 270 kg N per hectare. No additional N was applied in 2002 (year 2) and 2003 (year 3), and biomass was harvested in July and November for years 2 and 3 (but only in November of year 1). Root and soil samples were collected in May, July, September, and November each year and analyzed for N. Nitrogen fertilization did not increase yields in 2001 (year 1), but it did provide residual benefits in 2002 (year 2) and 2003 (year 3).Root-N levels at 15 cm depth increased with fertilization, fluctuated seasonally between roots and shoots, and root-N was reduced over the course of the study. With two harvests per year, about 100 kg N hectare per year were removed in biomass, even in plots with no N added-suggesting N already present in the soils (at 15 cm depth) contributed to yields; but the soil mineral-N pools were reduced by the end of year 3. Nitrogen-use efficiency, apparent N recovery, and partial factor productivity were reduced with higher N applications. The data support the notion that biomass production can be achieved with minimal N inputs, but stands must be managed to maintain that N reserve over the long term. There is also a need to quantify the N pool to depths greater than 15 cm in other agro-ecoregions.

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Biomass production by fescue and switchgrass alone and in mixed swards with legumes. Final project report

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Chicory Productivity, Forage Quality, and Response to Nitrogen Fertilization

Chicory Productivity, Forage Quality, and Response to Nitrogen Fertilization

Developing County-level Water Footprints of Biofuel Produced from Switchgrass and Miscanthus x Giganteus in the United States

Nitrogen-Use Dynamics in Switchgrass Grown for Biomass

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