“…Different methodologies have been employed alongside cell decomposition algorithms, including the Dijkstra algorithm and the Simulated Annealing (SA) approach. In [61], A* and potential field [67], A* and reinforcement learning [63], A* and the Dynamic Window Algorithm [66], Theta* and dipole field with the dynamic window approach [64] are explored. Other studies concentrated on merging various optimization strategies to address the complexities in path planning, for instance, integrating the Wolf Swarm Algorithm with the artificial potential field (WSA-APF) [62], the kidneyinspired algorithm and Sine-Cosine Algorithm (KA-SCA) [70], Artificial Bee Colony and Evolutionary Programming (ABC-EP) [71], the Modified Hyperbolic Gravitational Search Algorithm and Dynamic Window Approach (MGSA-DWA) [72], the Self-Organizing Migrating Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (SOMA-PSO) [73], the Grey Wolf Optimizer and Whale Optimizer Algorithm (GWO-WOA) [69], and the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) and Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) [68].…”
Section: Hybrid Approachesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…UGV [36,37,39], [41,45,57], [62,69,71], [47,59,61], [66,67,70], [73] Centralized Humanoid [64,72] -Single point of failure.…”
Section: Communication Style Robot Type Papers Limitationsmentioning
A vast amount of research has been conducted on path planning over recent decades, driven by the complexity of achieving optimal solutions. This paper reviews multi-robot path planning approaches and presents the path planning algorithms for various types of robots. Multi-robot path planning approaches have been classified as deterministic approaches, artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches, and hybrid approaches. Bio-inspired techniques are the most employed approaches, and artificial intelligence approaches have gained more attention recently. However, multi-robot systems suffer from well-known problems such as the number of robots in the system, energy efficiency, fault tolerance and robustness, and dynamic targets. Deploying systems with multiple interacting robots offers numerous advantages. The aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment and an insightful look into various path planning techniques developed in multi-robot systems, in addition to highlighting the basic problems involved in this field. This will allow the reader to discover the research gaps that must be solved for a better path planning experience for multi-robot systems.
“…Different methodologies have been employed alongside cell decomposition algorithms, including the Dijkstra algorithm and the Simulated Annealing (SA) approach. In [61], A* and potential field [67], A* and reinforcement learning [63], A* and the Dynamic Window Algorithm [66], Theta* and dipole field with the dynamic window approach [64] are explored. Other studies concentrated on merging various optimization strategies to address the complexities in path planning, for instance, integrating the Wolf Swarm Algorithm with the artificial potential field (WSA-APF) [62], the kidneyinspired algorithm and Sine-Cosine Algorithm (KA-SCA) [70], Artificial Bee Colony and Evolutionary Programming (ABC-EP) [71], the Modified Hyperbolic Gravitational Search Algorithm and Dynamic Window Approach (MGSA-DWA) [72], the Self-Organizing Migrating Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (SOMA-PSO) [73], the Grey Wolf Optimizer and Whale Optimizer Algorithm (GWO-WOA) [69], and the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) and Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) [68].…”
Section: Hybrid Approachesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…UGV [36,37,39], [41,45,57], [62,69,71], [47,59,61], [66,67,70], [73] Centralized Humanoid [64,72] -Single point of failure.…”
Section: Communication Style Robot Type Papers Limitationsmentioning
A vast amount of research has been conducted on path planning over recent decades, driven by the complexity of achieving optimal solutions. This paper reviews multi-robot path planning approaches and presents the path planning algorithms for various types of robots. Multi-robot path planning approaches have been classified as deterministic approaches, artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches, and hybrid approaches. Bio-inspired techniques are the most employed approaches, and artificial intelligence approaches have gained more attention recently. However, multi-robot systems suffer from well-known problems such as the number of robots in the system, energy efficiency, fault tolerance and robustness, and dynamic targets. Deploying systems with multiple interacting robots offers numerous advantages. The aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment and an insightful look into various path planning techniques developed in multi-robot systems, in addition to highlighting the basic problems involved in this field. This will allow the reader to discover the research gaps that must be solved for a better path planning experience for multi-robot systems.
“…Terpenes play several important roles in plants, and these include their role as signaling molecules for the attraction of insects during pollination and plants' defense against both abiotic and biotic stress [114]. The isopentenyl diphosphate from the MVA pathway leads to the synthesis of sterols, brassinosteroids, sesquiterpenes, and polyphenols, while the MEP pathway involves the synthesis of phytol, diterpenes, tocopherol, and phytohormones (abscisic acid and gibberellins) [115]. The biosynthesis of the terpenes provides signal molecule compounds with roles in plant defense against abiotic stress [116].…”
Section: Abiotic Stress Tolerance Induction Via the Accumulation Of S...mentioning
Crops aimed at feeding an exponentially growing population are often exposed to a variety of harsh environmental factors. Although plants have evolved ways of adjusting their metabolism and some have also been engineered to tolerate stressful environments, there is still a shortage of food supply. An alternative approach is to explore the possibility of using rhizosphere microorganisms in the mitigation of abiotic stress and hopefully improve food production. Several studies have shown that rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae organisms can help improve stress tolerance by enhancing plant growth; stimulating the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and solubilizing phosphates; lowering ethylene levels; and upregulating the expression of dehydration response and antioxidant genes. This article shows the secretion of secondary metabolites as an additional mechanism employed by microorganisms against abiotic stress. The understanding of these mechanisms will help improve the efficacy of plant-growth-promoting microorganisms.
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