Peri-implantitis
is an excessive inflammatory response
induced
by complex interactions between the bacteria, host immune system,
and tissues around the dental implant. Alveolar bone resorption caused
by peri-implantitis is a significant cause of implant failure. However,
to restore the osteogenic microenvironment, a multifaceted therapeutic
method that simultaneously encompasses anti-inflammatory and tissue
regenerative strategies is indispensable. In this study, a temperature-sensitive
hydrogel (FMXO) loaded with MXene and MgO was used to develop a multifunctional
injectable MXene-based hydrogel. This hydrogel could release MXene
and MgO in irregular bone defect areas in situ with no toxicity, either
in vitro or in vivo. Our results showed that FMXO effectively inhibited
the NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells and simultaneously
upregulated the expression of ALP, Runx2, and OCN in bone marrow mesenchymal
stromal cells (BMSCs). Therefore, FMXO exerted pharmacological effects
on inflammation and bone regeneration. Moreover, we found that FMXO,
when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light, exhibited high efficacy
against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and their plaque microorganisms,
which were considered the initiating factors of peri-implantitis.
The multifunctionality of FMXO was also confirmed in an immediate
peri-implant rat model in vivo, suggesting the great potential for
peri-implantitis therapy in the dental clinic.