Biomaterials-Based Regenerative Strategies for Skin Tissue Wound Healing

Abstract

Skin tissue wound healing proceeds through four major stages, including hematoma formation, inflammation, and neo-tissue formation, and culminates with tissue remodeling. These four steps significantly overlap with each other and are aided by various factors such as cells, cytokines (both anti- and pro-inflammatory), and growth factors that aid in the neo-tissue formation. In all these stages, advanced biomaterials provide several functional advantages, such as removing wound exudates, providing cover, transporting oxygen to the wound site, and preventing infection from microbes. In addition, advanced biomaterials serve as vehicles to carry proteins/drug molecules/growth factors and/or antimicrobial agents to the target wound site. In this review, we report recent advancements in biomaterials-based regenerative strategies that augment the skin tissue wound healing process. In conjunction with other medical sciences, designing nanoengineered biomaterials is gaining significant attention for providing numerous functionalities to trigger wound repair. In this regard, we highlight the advent of nanomaterial-based constructs for wound healing, especially those that are being evaluated in clinical settings. Herein, we also emphasize the competence and versatility of the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique for advanced wound management. Finally, we discuss the challenges and clinical perspective of various biomaterial-based wound dressings, along with prospective future directions. With regenerative strategies that utilize a cocktail of cell sources, antimicrobial agents, drugs, and/or growth factors, it is expected that significant patient-specific strategies will be developed in the near future, resulting in complete wound healing with no scar tissue formation.

Immunomodulatory biomaterial-based wound dressings advance the healing of chronic wounds via regulating macrophage behavior

“…Additionally, they also contribute to the formation of a physical barrier against pathogenic agents, and to some extent remove excess exudate. Hydrogels provide a moisture environment that promotes the healing process, and can perfectly fill irregularly shaped wounds [ 54 , 55 ]. Moreover, hydrogels can also be used as delivery systems for the sustained release of bioactive molecules, cells and genes [ 3 ].…”

Nanotechnology-Based Dressings for Wound Management

“…Those dressing definitions and main characteristics are summarised in Table 1 . In recent literature, biomaterials and their different forms of application have been already reviewed by [ 79 , 80 , 81 ], as illustrated in Figure 2 .…”

Self-Assembled Peptide Nanostructures for ECM Biomimicry

“…Proteins exert a wide variety of functions in cells and living organisms and can be considered one of the key building blocks of life. It is thus not surprising that they are very popular components in the development of new solutions as biomaterials for applications in medicine [1][2][3][4], cosmetics [5,6] and food science [7], including highly biotechnological products, such as cultured meat [8]. Collagen [9,10], gelatin [11][12][13][14], keratin [15][16][17], and silk fibroin [18,19] are amongst the most widely used proteins to develop biomaterials.…”