Biomaterials for Cartilage Repair: A Review

Rawal, Bhakti; Ribeiro, Rahul; Chouksey, Manoj; Tripathi, Kamlakar

doi:10.3923/jms.2013.615.620

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These may go from simple and non-invasive procedures, such as the use of physiotherapy to strengthen the surrounding muscles and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and swelling, to resurfacing or even total joint replacement, when the patient's symptoms are already so severe that there is no alternative but surgical intervention [2]. In the latter case, and in a more conservative perspective, some clinicians are opting to use tissue engineering and regenerative medicine products or synthetic cartilage materials to substitute the damaged parts rather than replace the entire joint [3,4]. Synthetic materials are easily controllable and reproducible and minimize the risk of infections, as they do not contain substances derived from human or animal tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, the most promising biomaterials for this purpose are hydrogels-crosslinked networks of hydrophilic polymers with a high capacity to absorb water and other molecules-which, besides being biocompatible, can be tailored to combine exceptional lubricity with suitable mechanical properties, as in natural cartilage [2,5]. Several possibilities can be found in literature, including hydrogels based on polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, silicon rubber, gelatin and polyacrylamide [3,6]. Currently, one of the most studied is PVA [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tough and Low Friction Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Loaded with Anti-inflammatories for Cartilage Replacement

et al. 2020

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The development of new materials that mimic cartilage and its function is an unmet need that will allow replacing the damaged parts of the joints, instead of the whole joint. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have raised special interest for this application due to their biocompatibility, high swelling capacity and chemical stability. In this work, the effect of post-processing treatments (annealing, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and gamma-radiation) on the performance of PVA gels obtained by cast-drying was investigated and, their ability to be used as delivery vehicles of the anti-inflammatories diclofenac or ketorolac was evaluated. HHP damaged the hydrogels, breaking some bonds in the polymeric matrix, and therefore led to poor mechanical and tribological properties. The remaining treatments, in general, improved the performance of the materials, increasing their crystallinity. Annealing at 150 °C generated the best mechanical and tribological results: higher resistance to compressive and tensile loads, lower friction coefficients and ability to support higher loads in sliding movement. This material was loaded with the anti-inflammatories, both without and with vitamin E (Vit.E) or Vit.E + cetalkonium chloride (CKC). Vit.E + CKC helped to control the release of the drugs which occurred in 24 h. The material did not induce irritability or cytotoxicity and, therefore, shows high potential to be used in cartilage replacement with a therapeutic effect in the immediate postoperative period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough and Low Friction Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Loaded with Anti-inflammatories for Cartilage Replacement

et al. 2020

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“…Because of the avascular and aneural nature of articular cartilage it endows itself with poor intrinsic healing capacity for self-repair [1]. Once the articular cartilage is damaged, osteoarthritis gradually develops and finally the joint loses its function [2]. The surgical techniques, including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polymerization degree on recovery behavior of PVA/PVP hydrogels as potential articular cartilage prosthesis after fatigue test

Yan¹,

Xiong²,

Peng³

et al. 2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVA/PVP) hydrogels with various polymerization degrees of PVA were synthesized by a repeated freezing-thawing method. The influence of polymerization degree on microstructure, water content, friction coefficient, compressive fatigue and recovery properties of PVA/PVP hydrogels were investigated. The results showed that higher polymerization degree resulted in larger compressive modulus and lower friction coefficient. The fatigue behaviors of PVA/PVP hydrogels were evaluated under sinusoidal compressive loading from 200 to 800 N at 5 Hz for up to 50 000 cycles. The unconfined uniaxial compressive tests of PVA/PVP hydrogels were performed before and after fatigue test. During the fatigue test, the height of the hydrogel rapidly decreased at first and gradually became stable with loading cycles. The compressive tangent modulus measured 0 h after fatigue was significantly larger than the values obtained before test, and then the modulus recovered to its original level for 48 h after test. However, the geometry of hydrogels could not return to the original level due to the creep effects. PVA/PVP hydrogels prepared with lower polymerization degree showed better recovery capability than that prepared with high polymerization degree.

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“…The test measures free hemoglobin released into the plasma when blood cells are damaged after coming into contact with the test samples. HR was categorized as nonhemolytic, if HR is 2% or less and hemolytic, if HR exceeded 2% 16 . The results are shown in Table 9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently biomaterial‐related infections are a crucial problem and to overcome that biomaterial possessing‐reduced bacterial adherence is the major concern in biomaterial industry 14,15 . Replacement of damaged parts with implants also sometimes ends up with some unpleasant condition such as lack of durability, donor site morbidity (autologous cartilage implants), etc 16 . To overcome such problems, biomaterials have to fulfill some requirements like biocompatibility, flexibility, bacterial adherence followed by reducing donor site morbidity to replace the defective anatomical form 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible implant mimicking cartilage: A new horizon for reconstructive facial field

Biswas¹,

Dey²,

Chakrabarty³

et al. 2020

Artificial Organs

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Cartilage is avascular with limited to no regenerative capacity, so its loss could be a challenge for reconstructive surgery. Current treatment options for damaged cartilage are also limited. In this aspect there is a tremendous need to develop an ideal cartilage‐mimicking biomaterial that could repair maxillofacial defects. Considering this fact in this study we have prepared twelve silicone‐based materials (using Silicone 40, 60, and 80) reinforced with hydroxyapatite, tri‐calcium phosphate, and titanium dioxide which itself has proven their efficacy in several studies and able to complement the shortcomings of using silicones. Among the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, tensile strength, percent elongation, and hardness), hardness of Silicone‐40 showed similarities with goat ear (P > .05). Silicone peaks have been detected in FTIR. Both AFM morphology and SEM images of the samples confirmed more roughed surfaces. All the materials were nonhemolytic in hemocompatibility tests, but among the twelve materials S2, S3, S5, and S6 showed the least hemolysis. For all tested bacterial strains, adherence was lower on each material than that grown on the plain industrial silicone material which was used as a positive control. S2, S3, S5, and S6 samples were selected as the best based on mechanical characterizations, surface characterizations, in vitro hemocompatibility tests and bacterial adherence activity. So, outcomes of this present study would be promising when developing ideal cartilage‐mimicking biocomposites and their emerging applications to treat maxillofacial defects due to cartilage damage.

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Biomaterials for Cartilage Repair: A Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Tough and Low Friction Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Loaded with Anti-inflammatories for Cartilage Replacement

Tough and Low Friction Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels Loaded with Anti-inflammatories for Cartilage Replacement

Effects of polymerization degree on recovery behavior of PVA/PVP hydrogels as potential articular cartilage prosthesis after fatigue test

Biocompatible implant mimicking cartilage: A new horizon for reconstructive facial field

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