Biomaterials in Cardiovascular Research: Applications and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Cardiovascular biomaterials (CB) dominate the category of biomaterials based on the demand and investments in this field. This review article classifies the CB into three major classes, namely, metals, polymers, and biological materials and collates the information about the CB. Blood compatibility is one of the major criteria which limit the use of biomaterials for cardiovascular application. Several key players are associated with blood compatibility and they are discussed in this paper. To enhance the compatibility of the CB, several surface modification strategies were in use currently. Some recent applications of surface modification technology on the materials for cardiovascular devices were also discussed for better understanding. Finally, the current trend of the CB, endothelization of the cardiac implants and utilization of induced human pluripotent stem cells (ihPSCs), is also presented in this review. The field of CB is growing constantly and many new investigators and researchers are developing interest in this domain. This review will serve as a one stop arrangement to quickly grasp the basic research in the field of CB.

New promising biodegradable polyesters derived from poly((R,S)-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) for cardiovascular applications

“…According to the literature, the polymers used as synthetic matrices for the coating of stents and the release of drugs (PGA, PLA, PCL, etc.) [21,103,104] are not perfect solutions. They have a limited diversity of their structures and adverse reactions can be caused by these polymers [105].…”

Transcatheter Heart Valve Crimping and Expansion: Commentary

“…There is still a considerable gap between basic research and the clinical applications. Endothelialisation of the flow surfaces and utilization of induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) necessitate more research while patients deserve immediate treatments [31]. Currently, the durability is mostly attained with preservation of the geometry of the valves with pericardium of young animals [32].…”

Customized Interface Biofunctionalization of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix: Toward Enhanced Endothelialization

“…50 Therefore, early functional endothelialization is crucial for all nonautologous surfaces in direct contact with the bloodstream. Here, interface functionalization approaches-enhancing in vivo autologous recellularization-may omit tedious celland bioreactor-based ex vivo preimplant procedures 8,51-53 as they may not only enhance EC adhesion to ligands of the basal membrane but also stabilize the neoendothelium in front of shear forces generated by the bloodstream.…”