Biomaterials of human source for 3D printing strategies

Abstract

Three-dimensional printing has risen in recent years as a promising approach that fast-tracked the biofabrication of tissue engineering constructs that most resemble utopian tissue/organ replacements for precision medicine. Additionally, by using human-sourced biomaterials engineered towards optimal rheological proprieties of extrudable inks, the best possible scaffolds can be created. These can encompass native structure and function with a low risk of rejection, enhancing overall clinical outcomes; and even be further optimized by engaging in information- and computer-driven design workflows. This paper provides an overview of the current efforts in achieving ink’s necessary rheological and print performance proprieties towards biofabrication from human-derived biomaterials. The most notable step for arranging such characteristics to make biomaterials inks are the employed crosslinking strategies, for which examples are discussed. Lastly, this paper illuminates the state-of-the-art of the most recent literature on already used human-sourced inks; with a final emphasis on future perspectives on the field.

Chitosan-Based Biomaterials: Insights into Chemistry, Properties, Devices, and Their Biomedical Applications

“…Within this framework, 3D printing, an additive manufacturing technology consisting of the LbL fabrication of 3D scaffolds with tunable sizes and geometries, programmed by means of computer-aided drafting (CAD), plays a relevant role as a promising tool for the replacement of damaged tissues. Differently from the off-of-shelf scaffold production or the common hydrogels scaffolds, 3D printing may allow the fabrication of novel 3D bioengineered tissue with promising properties [ 294 , 295 ].…”

Artificial Cells and HepG2 Cells in 3D‐Bioprinted Arrangements

“…This entails mimicking the geometric requirements observed at the tissue level. 3D bioprinting offers unique opportunities in this context as recently outlined in several reviews, [42][43][44] in particular when considering the fabrication of more complex 3D bioprinted tissues both with regards to geometry and use of different cell types. However, although artificial cells only have been 3D printed, as reviewed elsewhere, [45,46] the potential of introducing artificial cells in tissue engineering scaffolds was recently highlighted by Sümbelli et al with a particular focus on the potential of using artificial cells within tissue engineering scaffolds for improved spatiotemporal control over cell-matrix interactions on the microscale.…”

A Self‐Sustaining Hydrogels with Autonomous Supply of Nutrients and Bioactive Domains for 3D Cell Culture

“…[5][6][7] In particular, human-based biomaterials can recapitulate the biochemical environment that cells feel in vivo and have been proposed, for example, as biocompatible hydrogel precursors. [8] Human-derived Platelet lysate (PL) offers great DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202214372 potential as a cocktail of growth factors, cytokines, and structural proteins. Studies have demonstrated remarkable features of PL in bone, tissue, and cartilage repair and localized wound healing.…”