Biomechanical and Endplate Effects on Nutrient Transport in the Intervertebral Disc

Giers, Morgan B.; Munter, Bryce T.; Eyster, Kyle; Ide, George D.; Newcomb, Anna G.; Lehrman, Jennifer; Belykh, Evgenii; Byvaltsev, Vadim A.; Kelly, Brian P.; Preul, Mark C.; Theodore, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.041

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therapeutic developments may be amenable to local or regional spinal therapy strategies. Several teams have sought to address this critical nutrient transport deficit through mechanical and biological means such as spinal traction [16][17] and enzymatic permeabilization 18 respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis, Nutrition, and Metabolism of Transplanted Intervertebral Disc Cells

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Apoptosis is a contributing factor to degenerating intervertebral disc (IVD). Disc regeneration has been attempted by transplanting cells into the disc, with some gains in disc height achieved in animal models. Here, we study whether the apoptotic microenvironment affects the transplanted disc cells. Methods: Human annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were grown in media then starved for 5 days in vitro by not changing the media. Three aspects of apoptotic cell influence on the transplanted cells were tested in a total of 32 samples: 1) the effect of apoptotic cytokines in the media, 2) reduced glucose in the media, and 3) apoptotic cell bodies in the flask. The Trypan Blue, AlamarBlue®, and 1,9-Dimethyl-Methylene Blue assays for sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content were performed (n=4). Results: There were significant decreases in cell viability between the control, 25% conditioned media (CM) and starved control group. There were no significant differences in cell number, metabolic activity or sGAG production in cells grown in different conditioned media compared to cells grown in complete media. The cells of the control decreased in viability and number over the 5 days without feeding, then improved dramatically when feeding was resumed. Flasks that received transplanted cells in addition to renewed feeding did not recover as much as the cells in the re-fed group. Conclusions: Cytokines from starved cells negatively impact on the viability of healthy cells. Starving cells that receive new sources of nutrition have even higher viability than transplanted cells. This indicates that altering and improving the nutrient supply problem in the IVD could be a valuable option. Level of Evidence III; Case control studyg.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis, Nutrition, and Metabolism of Transplanted Intervertebral Disc Cells

et al. 2018

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“…In line with the avascular nature of discs, solute concentrations fall dangerously below healthy levels far from the blood supply sources. 46 Current strategies seek to address this critical nutrient transport deficit through mechanical and biological means such as spinal traction 4,47 and enzymatic permeabilization 48 respectively. Kuo et al explored the effect of spinal traction on molecular transportation in a simulated porcine IVD degeneration model.…”

Section: Nutrient Considerations In Ivd Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of mechanical loading, which includes strategies like spinal traction, was judged as having conflicting benefits for nutrient transportation. 4 Based on these efforts, spinal traction does not appear to address nutrient deprivation, requiring innovative new therapies for degeneration. 49 Work by Fields et al explored how changing CEP permeability would influence nutrient diffusion -though nutrient delivery was not clearly improved, this study established a clear correlation.…”

Section: Nutrient Considerations In Ivd Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Nutrients are therefore heavily reliant on diffusive and convective means of transport through disc tissue, with diffusive mechanisms being dominant. [2][3][4] The endplates have been shown to be responsible for the majority of nutrient transport into the disc, 5 though there is some supply originating radially through the AF. 1 Due to normal aging, the morphology and molecular biology of the disc changes, diminishing its ability to provide critical functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Supply and Demand in the Intervertebral Disc

et al. 2018

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The intervertebral disc (IVD) is one of the parts of the body most commonly affected by disease, and it is only recently that we have come closer to understanding the reasons for its degeneration, in which nutrient supply plays a crucial role. In this literature review, we discuss the basic principles and characteristics of energy supply and demand to the IVD. Specifically, we review how different metabolites influence IVD cell activity, the effects of mechanical loading on IVD cell metabolism, and differences in energy metabolism of the annulus fibrous and nucleus pulposus cell phenotypes. Determining the factors that influence nutrient supply and demand in the IVD will enhance our understanding of the IVD pathology, and help to elucidate new therapeutic targets for IVD degeneration treatment.

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“…Кроме того, Gullbrand et al [27], изучая транспорт веществ в МПД кроликов, сообщили, что, варьируя величину нагрузки, можно увеличивать или уменьшать перенос питательных веществ. Giers et al [18] в экспериментах in vitro с дисками свиней подтвердили роль замыкательной пластинки как основного пункта транспорта веществ в МПД. Сжимающие нагрузки, особенно статические, практически не меняют интенсивности потоков красителей в МПД, а растяжение снижает транспорт веществ в краткосрочном периоде, то есть механическая нагрузка может вызывать изменения транспорта веществ при определенных условиях.…”

Section: биомеханическая функция замыкательной пластинкиunclassified

Structure, functions and role of endplates in the development of degenerative diseases of the spine: a literature review

Русова¹,

Воропаева²

2017

Hir. pozvonoč.

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The endplate is crucial for maintaining normal functioning of a healthy intervertebral disc. It provides structural support of the spine and regulates the flow of nutrients and the metabolic processes in the disc. With age and in the pathogenesis of diseases, the cartilage undergoes degeneration and calcification thus disrupting the access of nutrients to the cells and altering the biochemical and morphological structure of the endplate and metabolic processes throughout the disc. A number of evidences points to the existence of the endplate innervation, so its damage can be a source of chronic low back pain. The presented literature review highlights the questions of anatomy and physiology of vertebral endplates and describes relationships between changes in their morphological and molecular structures and degenerative lesion of intervertebral discs and chronic back pain syndrome. The material of the study included abstracts of articles from the PubMed database, articles published in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Spine, European Spine Journal and in other journals over the past 15 years. If necessary, books and articles of previous years were used.

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Biomechanical and Endplate Effects on Nutrient Transport in the Intervertebral Disc

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Apoptosis, Nutrition, and Metabolism of Transplanted Intervertebral Disc Cells

Apoptosis, Nutrition, and Metabolism of Transplanted Intervertebral Disc Cells

Energy Supply and Demand in the Intervertebral Disc

Structure, functions and role of endplates in the development of degenerative diseases of the spine: a literature review

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