Biomechanical and Skeletal Muscle Determinants of Maximum Running Speed with Aging

Korhonen, Mikko; Mero, Antti; Alén, Markku; Sipilä, Sarianna; Häkkinen, Keijo; Liikavainio, Tuomas; Viitasalo, Jukka T.; Haverinen, Marko; Suominen, Harri

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181998366

Cited by 110 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is possible that males are gaining more competitive opportunities as they age, or that they are seeking out competition later in life or later in their career (Ransdell et al 2009). In addition, as age increases, master athletes do not have the same intrinsic drive to train as hard as they did when they were younger (Korhonen et al 2009;Reaburn and Dascombe 2008;Spirduso et al 2005). Reaburn and Dascombe (2008) reported gender-based differences in motivation with increasing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over time, both male and female athletes ranked social interaction as the most important motivator for participation in master athletic events. A greater decrease in training volume and intensities in elderly female runners compared with their male counterpart may be the result of a change in intrinsic drive to train hard between males and females (Korhonen et al 2009;Okonek 1996;Reaburn and Dascombe 2008;Spirduso et al 2005). Apart from these socio-psychological reasons, physiological factors may also explain the gender difference in 100-km running performance with advancing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 20 and 80 years old, the muscle area decreases by ∼40% (Lemmer et al 2003). Muscle tissue analyzes showed that both slow-and fast-twitch fibres decline with increasing age, although the loss of fast-twitch fibres is greater (Korhonen et al 2009). This is probably because of fibre atrophy as opposed to a loss of inherent force production of the myofibrils (Lemmer et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Knechtle

Rüst

Rosemann

et al. 2011

AGE

136

200

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The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the participation and performance trends at the '100 km Lauf Biel' in Switzerland from 1998 to 2010, and (2) to compare the age-related changes in 100-km running performance between males and females. For both sexes, the percent of finishers significantly (P<0.01) decreased for the 18-29 and the 30-39-year age groups, while it significantly (P<0.01) increased for the 40-49 and the 50-59-year age groups over the studied period. From 1998 to 2010, the mean age of the top ten finishers increased by 0.4 years per annum for both females (P=0.02) and males (P=0.003). The running time for the top ten finishers remained stable for females, while it significantly (P=0.001) increased by 2.4 min per annum for males. There was a significant (P<0.001) age effect on running times for both sexes. The best 100-km running times was observed for the age comprised between 30 and 49 years for males, and between 30 and 54 years for females, respectively. The age-related decline in running performance was similar until 60-64 years between males and females, but was greater for females compared to males after 65 years. Future studies should investigate the lifespan from 65 to 75 years to better understand the performance difference between male and female master ultra-marathoners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Knechtle

Rüst

Rosemann

et al. 2011

AGE

136

200

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The probe positions for MT measurements were the same as those adopted in previous studies (Chilibeck et al 2004;Korhonen et al 2009;Kumagai et al 2000;Miyatani et al 2002). In order to ensure that all MT measurements were at the same sites at all time points, a transparent paper was used to map the site of measurement (Narici et al 1989).…”

Section: Ultrasound Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of low- and high-volume strength training on neuromuscular adaptations and muscle quality in older women

Radaelli

Botton

Wilhelm

et al. 2014

AGE

109

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This study investigated the effects of low-and high-volume strength trainings on neuromuscular adaptations of lower-and upper-body muscles in older women after 6 weeks (6WE), 13 weeks (13WE), and 20 weeks (20WE) of training. Healthy older women were assigned to low-volume (LV) or high-volume (HV) training groups. The LV group performed one set of each exercise, while the HV group performed three sets, 2 days/ week. Knee extension and elbow flexion one-repetition maximum (1-RM), maximal isometric strength, maximal muscle activation, and muscle thickness (MT) of the lower-and upper-body muscles, as well as lower-body muscle quality (MQ) obtained by ultrasonography, were evaluated. Knee extension and elbow flexion 1-RM improved at all time points for both groups; however, knee extension 1-RM gains were greater for the HV group after 20WE. Maximal isometric strength of the lower body for both groups increased only at 20WE, while upper-body maximal isometric strength increased after 13WE and 20WE. Maximal activation of the lower and upper body for both groups increased only after 20WE. Both groups showed significant increases in MT of their lower and upper body, with greater gains in lower-body MT for the HV group at 20WE. MQ improved in both groups after 13WE and 20WE, whereas the HV group improved more than the LV group at 20WE. These results showed that low-and high-volume trainings have a similar adaptation time course in the muscular function of upper-body muscles. However, high-volume training appears to be more efficient for lower-body muscles after 20 weeks of training.

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“…The probe was coated with a water-soluble transmission gel to provide acoustic contact without depressing the dermal surface. MT was measured for the VL, RF, VM, and vastus intermedius (VI), with the probe positioned according to descriptions provided in previous studies (Chilibeck et al 2004;Korhonen et al 2009;Kumagai et al 2000;Miyatani et al 2000). Moreover, the overall quadriceps femoris MT (MT QUA SUM ) was calculated from the sum of the four muscles (VL+RF+VM+VI) (Cadore et al 2012;Radaelli et al 2013).…”

Section: Muscle Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of single vs. multiple-set short-term strength training in elderly women

Radaelli

Wilhelm

Botton

et al. 2014

AGE

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The strength training has been shown to be effective for attenuating the age-related physiological decline. However, the adequate volume of strength training volume adequate to promote improvements, mainly during the initial period of training, still remains controversial. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a short-term strength training program with single or multiple sets in elderly women. Maximal dynamic (1-RM) and isometric strength, muscle activation, muscle thickness (MT), and muscle quality (MQ=1-RM and MT quadriceps quotient) of the knee extensors were assessed. Subjects were randomly assigned into one of two groups: single set (SS; n=14) that performed one set per exercise or multiple sets (MS; n=13) that performed three-sets per exercise, twice weekly for 6 weeks. Following training, there were significant increases (p≤0.05) in knee extension 1-RM (16.1±12 % for SS group and 21.7±7.7 % for MS group), in all MT (p ≤0.05; vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius), and in MQ (p≤0.05); 15.0±12.2 % for SS group and 12.6± 7.2 % for MS group), with no differences between groups. These results suggest that during the initial stages of strength training, single-and multiple-set training demonstrate similar capacity for increasing dynamic strength, MT, and MQ of the knee extensors in elderly women.

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Biomechanical and Skeletal Muscle Determinants of Maximum Running Speed with Aging

Cited by 110 publications

References 29 publications

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Time course of low- and high-volume strength training on neuromuscular adaptations and muscle quality in older women

Effects of single vs. multiple-set short-term strength training in elderly women

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