Biomechanical and system analysis of the human femoral bone: correlation and anatomical approach

Abstract

BackgroundThe human femur is the subsystem of the locomotor apparatus and has got four levels of its organization. This phenomenon is the result of the evolution of the locomotor apparatus, encompassing both constitutional and individual variability. The main aim of this investigation was to study the organization of the human femur as a system of collaborating anatomical structures and, on the basis of system analysis, to define the less stable parameters, whose reorganization can cause the exchange of the system's status.MethodsTwenty-five (25) linear and non-linear (angle) parameters were, therefore, investigated by specially designed tool and caliper on a material of 166 macerated human femurs of adult individuals of both sexes. The absolute values were transformed into the relative one (1.0) by the meaning of the transverse diameter of the femoral diaphysis, and handled with current methods of descriptive statistical analysis. By the value of variance (q2), the results were distributed into four major classes.ResultsThe belonging of each group to the class was subsequently estimated in grades. According to this method, the excerpt was distributed into four classes as well depending on the total grades. The Pearson's coefficient in each class was calculated between the relative values of the investigated parameters. Two generations of system parameters were subsequently defined and analyzed.ConclusionThis study has derived that the system meaning of each level of the femoral organization is related to the 'shaping effect' of femoral units' functions. Inasmuch as the angular parameters were most instable at this system, they were defined as morphological substrates of the individual variety.

Structural Peculiarities of the Proximal Femur Meta-Epiphysis in the Idiopathic Coxarthrosis According to Localization

“…Furthermore, we assessed authenticated observations of a systemic anatomical study encompassing the proximal femur meta-epiphysis behavior in normal condition, particularly on the asymmetry and structural system analysis of the proximal femur meta-epiphysis regarding Osteoarticular anatomical pathology [21]. Our studies conspicuously demonstrate a technical spontaneous significance in medical practice as the theoretical basis is also required in unraveling the decreased frequency and degree of severity of osteoarthritic pathologies in the dominant lower extremity, in accordance with recurrent experimental observations [13,21].…”

“…We have previously reported specifically on the systematic organization of the femur [13], with subdivided groups into four levels of organization and anatomical values correlating with that of the human body joints. As the anatomy of the human body is characterized by the functional predominance of the right upper and left lower limbs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], particular actuality was acquired in studying the value of parameters at different levels involved with forming the functional asymmetry of the femur bone [13,17,18,19,20]. Furthermore, we assessed authenticated observations of a systemic anatomical study encompassing the proximal femur meta-epiphysis behavior in normal condition, particularly on the asymmetry and structural system analysis of the proximal femur meta-epiphysis regarding Osteoarticular anatomical pathology [21].…”

“…Nevertheless, the issue of the structural changes and specifically the dynamics associated with the proximal femoral bone meta-epiphysis in the idiopathic hip arthrosis with respect to body side is, to the best that we know of, not fully unraveled [12,13,14,15]. It's widely noted that the adaptive rearrangement of the osseous tissue in response to mechanical stress induction is caused by the physical effects that usually lead to changes in the spatial arrangement of the bone matrix elements towards each other [15,16,17,18,19,20].…”

Morphometry of Femoral Neck Shaft Angle in Dry Femora of South India by Computer Assisted Image Analysis Method

“…It is also known as the angle of inclination, cervicodiaphyseal angle or caput collum diaphysis (CCD) angle [1]. The neck axis is the adults is 135° & ranges from 125° to 132° [2,3]. According to Kate, in Indian femora the NSA is about 128.4º, being greater in South and west of India [4].…”

Conditional Variability of Statistical Shape Models Based on Surrogate Variables

“…A set of anatomical surrogate variables has been defined as functions of manually selected vertices of our model, based on [18] and as illustrated on Fig. 1.…”