Abstract:The aim of this study is to evaluate the fracture union or non-union for a specific patient that presented oblique fractures in tibia and fibula, using a mechanistic-based bone healing model. Normally, this kind of fractures can be treated through an intramedullary nail using two possible configurations that depends on the mechanical stabilisation: static and dynamic. Both cases are simulated under different fracture geometries in order to understand the effect of the mechanical stabilisation on the fracture h… Show more
“…Furthermore, Mattei et al also observed different rates of change in resonant frequencies which are ascribed to the complex healing processes including those other physiological factors, such as muscle tone, than that of the callus stiffening. Their findings correspond well with previous studies, which have shown that the healing rate in areas corresponding to tissue, cartilage and callus formations are different, and as well as has a positive correlation with strains [3][4][5].…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…There is supporting evidence that well-regulated mechanical stimuli can strongly mediate the quality of healing at different fracture healing stages [3][4][5]. Initially, a fractured bone must be well supported to allow callus formation; however, prolonged inactivity or insufficient stress suppresses bone formation, hence delaying healing.…”
Reliable and quantitative assessments of bone quality and fracture healing prompt well-optimised patient healthcare management and earlier surgical intervention prior to complications of nonunion and malunion. This study presents a clinical investigation on modal frequencies associations with musculoskeletal components of human legs by using a prototype device based on a vibration analysis method. The findings indicated that the first out-of-plane and coupled modes in the frequency range from 60 to 110 Hz are associated with the femur length, suggesting these modes are suitable quantitative measures for bone evaluation. Furthermore, higher-order modes are shown to be associated with the muscle and fat mass of the leg. In addition, mathematical models are formulated via a stepwise regression approach to determine the modal frequencies using the measured leg components as variables. The optimal models of the first modes consist of only femur length as the independent variable and explain approximately 43% of the variation of the modal frequencies. The subsequent findings provide insights for further development on utilising vibration-based methods for practical bone and fracture healing monitoring.
“…Furthermore, Mattei et al also observed different rates of change in resonant frequencies which are ascribed to the complex healing processes including those other physiological factors, such as muscle tone, than that of the callus stiffening. Their findings correspond well with previous studies, which have shown that the healing rate in areas corresponding to tissue, cartilage and callus formations are different, and as well as has a positive correlation with strains [3][4][5].…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…There is supporting evidence that well-regulated mechanical stimuli can strongly mediate the quality of healing at different fracture healing stages [3][4][5]. Initially, a fractured bone must be well supported to allow callus formation; however, prolonged inactivity or insufficient stress suppresses bone formation, hence delaying healing.…”
Reliable and quantitative assessments of bone quality and fracture healing prompt well-optimised patient healthcare management and earlier surgical intervention prior to complications of nonunion and malunion. This study presents a clinical investigation on modal frequencies associations with musculoskeletal components of human legs by using a prototype device based on a vibration analysis method. The findings indicated that the first out-of-plane and coupled modes in the frequency range from 60 to 110 Hz are associated with the femur length, suggesting these modes are suitable quantitative measures for bone evaluation. Furthermore, higher-order modes are shown to be associated with the muscle and fat mass of the leg. In addition, mathematical models are formulated via a stepwise regression approach to determine the modal frequencies using the measured leg components as variables. The optimal models of the first modes consist of only femur length as the independent variable and explain approximately 43% of the variation of the modal frequencies. The subsequent findings provide insights for further development on utilising vibration-based methods for practical bone and fracture healing monitoring.
“…tissue formation) has an exponential relationship with the time, and in the zone corresponding to bone formation, healing has a linear relationship with the time (Fig. 8) (Alierta et al, 2014, Alierta et al, 2015.Fig. 8exponential and linear patterns of healing in chondrogenesis and bone formation zones of mechanobiological regulations, respectively, presented by Alierta et al (2014).…”
Bone fracture is a very common body injury. The healing process is physiologically complex, involving both biological and mechanical aspects. Following a fracture, cell migration, cell/tissue differentiation, tissue synthesis, and cytokine and growth factor release occur, regulated by the mechanical environment. Over the past decade, bone healing simulation and modeling has been employed to understand its details and mechanisms, to investigate specific clinical questions, and to design healing strategies. The goal of this effort is to review the history and the most recent work in bone healing simulations with an emphasis on both biological and mechanical properties. Therefore, we provide a brief review of the biology of bone fracture repair, followed by an outline of the key growth factors and mechanical factors influencing it. We then compare different methodologies of bone healing simulation, including conceptual modeling (qualitative modeling of bone healing to understand the general mechanisms), biological modeling (considering only the biological factors and processes), and mechanobiological modeling (considering both biological aspects and mechanical environment). Finally we evaluate different components and clinical applications of bone healing simulation such as mechanical stimuli, phases of bone healing, and angiogenesis.
“…Whether the anatomical reduction emphasized by AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaftfür Osteosynthesefragen), or the functional reduction from the scholars of BO (biological osteosynthesis) or minimally invasive orthopedics, are all for the purpose of early healing and early exercise. When encountering comminuted fractures, delayed healing or non-union became more serious 30. Currently, the methods for early healing have been confirmed by basic experimental studies and clinical studies.…”
BackgroundThe restoration and repair method in the clinic of delayed fracture healing and non-union after comminuted fractures are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of patients. The recruitment of endogenous stem cells has been considered a promising approach in bone defect repair.ProposeThe aim of this study was to generate a de novel MSCs aptamer and developed the first, feasible, economical, bio-compatible, and functional MSCs aptamer-directed nanoparticles without complex manufacture to recruit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone defect regeneration.MethodsWhole-cell SELEX was used to generate a de novel MSCs aptamer. Flow cytometry was applied to assess the binding specificities, affinities and sorting abilities of the aptamers. Nano-Aptamer Ball (NAB) was constructed by NHS/EDC reaction. The diameter and zeta of NAB were assessed by dynamic light scattering. CCK8 assay was utilized to evaluate whether NAB could cause non-specific cytotoxicity and induce cell proliferation. To evaluate the bone repair capacity of NAB, histomorphological staining, alizarin red and micro X-ray were used to observe the repair degree of defect in vivo. ELISA was used to detect osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (BGP) by, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in peripheral blood.ResultsMSCs aptamer termed as HM69 could bind with MSCs with high specificity and Kd of 9.67 nM, while has minimal cross-reactivities to other negative cells. HM69 could capture MSCs with a purity of >89%. In vitro, NAB could bind and capture MSCs effectively, whereas did not cause obvious cytotoxicity. In vivo, serum OPN, BGP, and ALP levels in the NAB group of rats were increased at both 2 and 4 weeks, indicating the repair and osteogenesis generation. The healing of bone defects in the NAB group was significantly better than control groups, the defects became blurred, and local trabecular bone growth could be observed in X-ray. The organized hematoma and cell growth in the bone marrow of the NAB group were more vigorous in bone sections staining.ConclusionThese suggested that HM69 and HM69-functionalized nanoparticles NAB exhibited the ability to recruit MSCs both in vitro and in vivo and achieved a better outcome of bone defect repair in a rat model. The findings demonstrate a promising strategy of using aptamer-functionalized bio-nanoparticles for the restoration of bone defects via aptamer-introduced homing of MSCs.
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