“…SPR is effectively used in plasmonic nanostructure sensors. Researchers have designed various SPR sensors using the unique property of SPR [22]; for example, waveguide or fiberbased RI sensors such as prism-coupling SPR sensors [23,24], metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide-based sensors, a periodic array of rod-shaped plasmonic sensors [10,25], fiber Bragg gratings [26,27], microring resonators, and plasmonic PCF sensors [26]. SPR biosensors can detect biological samples near the metal surface using the resonance mechanism [28].…”