Biomechanical Assessment of Red Blood Cells in Pulsatile Blood Flows

Kang, Yang Jun

doi:10.3390/mi14020317

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 67 publications

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“…Many studies have applied empirical and computational models of hemolysis to other blood contacting medical devices, such as valves and blood pumps [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. There have also been studies that use microfluidics as a tool to detect hemolytic properties of blood samples [ 35 , 36 ], but there is a lack of studies that delve into the hemolysis of blood-contacting microfluidic medical devices, particularly at the flow rates required for use as an oxygenator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical and Computational Evaluation of Hemolysis in a Microfluidic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Prototype

Imtiaz,

Poskus,

Stoddard

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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Microfluidic devices promise to overcome the limitations of conventional hemodialysis and oxygenation technologies by incorporating novel membranes with ultra-high permeability into portable devices with low blood volume. However, the characteristically small dimensions of these devices contribute to both non-physiologic shear that could damage blood components and laminar flow that inhibits transport. While many studies have been performed to empirically and computationally study hemolysis in medical devices, such as valves and blood pumps, little is known about blood damage in microfluidic devices. In this study, four variants of a representative microfluidic membrane-based oxygenator and two controls (positive and negative) are introduced, and computational models are used to predict hemolysis. The simulations were performed in ANSYS Fluent for nine shear stress-based parameter sets for the power law hemolysis model. We found that three of the nine tested parameters overpredict (5 to 10×) hemolysis compared to empirical experiments. However, three parameter sets demonstrated higher predictive accuracy for hemolysis values in devices characterized by low shear conditions, while another three parameter sets exhibited better performance for devices operating under higher shear conditions. Empirical testing of the devices in a recirculating loop revealed levels of hemolysis significantly lower (<2 ppm) than the hemolysis ranges observed in conventional oxygenators (>10 ppm). Evaluating the model’s ability to predict hemolysis across diverse shearing conditions, both through empirical experiments and computational validation, will provide valuable insights for future micro ECMO device development by directly relating geometric and shear stress with hemolysis levels. We propose that, with an informed selection of hemolysis parameters based on the shear ranges of the test device, computational modeling can complement empirical testing in the development of novel high-flow blood-contacting microfluidic devices, allowing for a more efficient iterative design process. Furthermore, the low device-induced hemolysis measured in our study at physiologically relevant flow rates is promising for the future development of microfluidic oxygenators and dialyzers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical and Computational Evaluation of Hemolysis in a Microfluidic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Prototype

Imtiaz,

Poskus,

Stoddard

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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Microfluidic viscometer using capillary pressure sensing

Kang

2023

Physics of Fluids

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Blood viscosity is considered as a vital determinant of the efficiency of blood flow in blood-vessel networks. The coflowing method is considered as a promising technique for measuring blood viscosity. However, it requires two precise syringe pumps to supply two fluids (i.e., the reference fluid and blood), calibration in advance, and long waiting time for securing steady blood flow. To solve these problems, a single syringe pump is adopted to supply blood into a microfluidic device without requiring a reference fluid. Two key parameters—fluidic resistance and compliance coefficient—are suggested and obtained by analyzing the fluid velocities in a microfluidic channel and calculating the air pressure in the air compliance unit. Using a discrete fluidic circuit model, the pressure difference is analytically derived and utilized as the nonlinear regression formula. The two key parameters are then obtained through nonlinear regression analysis. According to experimental results, the air cavity and flow rate contribute to increasing the compliance coefficient. The fluidic resistance increases significantly at higher concentrations of glycerin solution ranging from 20% to 50%. The proposed method underestimates the values by approximately 27.5% compared with the previous method. Finally, the proposed method is adopted to detect the effects of hematocrit and red blood cell sedimentation in the driving syringe based on two vital parameters. Regarding the fluidic resistance, the normalized difference between the proposed and previous methods is less than 10%. Therefore, two key parameters can be considered as effective for quantitatively monitoring the hematocrit variation in blood flow. In conclusion, from a biomechanical perspective, the proposed method is highly promising for quantifying blood flow in a microfluidic channel.

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Assessment of multiple hemorheological properties in microfluidic environment

Kang

2024

Physics of Fluids

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Measuring and monitoring hemorheological properties provide valuable insights into diseases. To effectively detect impaired blood, it is necessary to quantify the multiple hemorheological properties. However, most of the previous methods only provide single blood property. They require bulky and expensive syringe pumps for precise on–off control. In this study, to resolve several issues, a novel method for measuring multiple hemorheological properties (fluidic resistance, blood viscosity, time constant, compliance coefficient, red blood cell [RBC] aggregation index, and RBC sedimentation index) is proposed by analyzing blood images in microfluidic channels, where transient blood flow is induced by a portable air-compression pump. A microfluidic device consists of an inlet, a test chamber joined to a main channel, and a reservoir. The outlet of test chamber is connected to an air damper, which contributes to stopping blood flow promptly. A fluid circuit model of the proposed microfluidic channels is constructed for estimating flow rate and pressure in the main channel. First, the proposed method is used to obtain the rheological properties of glycerin solution (30%). The normalized difference between the proposed method and the reference value is less than 4%. Subsequently, the proposed method is adopted to detect differences in the medium (1× phosphate-buffered saline, dextran solution: 20 mg/ml) and hematocrit (30%–60%). All hemorheological properties exhibit substantial differences with respect to the hematocrit and medium. The proposed method yields comparable results when compared to the previous methods. In conclusion, the proposed method can measure multiple hemorheological properties by analyzing blood flow in microfluidic channels.

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Biomechanical Assessment of Red Blood Cells in Pulsatile Blood Flows

Cited by 4 publications

References 67 publications

Empirical and Computational Evaluation of Hemolysis in a Microfluidic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Prototype

Empirical and Computational Evaluation of Hemolysis in a Microfluidic Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Prototype

Microfluidic viscometer using capillary pressure sensing

Assessment of multiple hemorheological properties in microfluidic environment

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