Biomechanical Comparison of Calf and Human Spines

Wilke, H.-J.; Krischak, Stefan; Claes, L.

doi:10.1097/01241398-199701000-00047

Cited by 31 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Optimal in vivo testing should use a mature mammal with lumbar disc morphology and in vivo loading that approximate those of the human spine. Domestic mammal spines have often been used for in vitro testing of lumbar spinal fusion implants because motion segment load-displacement relationships are somewhat similar to human data [4][5][6][7][8][9]. But most of these animals, such as the dog, sheep, goat and pig, have vertebra and disc anatomy which are substantially smaller than that of humans [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mature runt cow lumbar intradiscal pressures and motion segment biomechanics

2009

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Background Context-The optimal animal model for in vivo testing of spinal implants, particularly total or partial disc replacement devices, has not yet been determined. Mechanical and morphological similarities of calf and human spines have been reported; however, limitations of the calf model include open growth plates and oversized vertebrae with growth. Mature runt cows (Corrientes breed) may avoid these limitations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mature runt cow lumbar intradiscal pressures and motion segment biomechanics

2009

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“…Multidirectional flexibility testing has been used for such determinations. For example, Wilke et al have studied the physiologic motions of sheep [18] and calf [17,19] spines. Resulting values are compared to baseline human values [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Biomechanical evaluation of the New Zealand white rabbit lumbar spine: a physiologic characterization

Grauer¹,

Erulkar²,

Patel³

et al. 2000

European Spine Journal

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IntroductionThere are many variables that affect the results of lumbar fusions. Particularly with the advent of novel methods of instrumentation and the purification of bone-stimulating growth factors, the orthopedic surgeon is faced with many surgical options. Objective comparison of these many variables is imperative. Not only must existing fusion modalities be critically evaluated, but novel modalities must also be compared to those already in use.Outcome studies are an ideal way to compare the efficacy of fusions. However, it is difficult to normalize study groups in this type of clinical trial. Furthermore, baseline Abstract Physiologic motions of the human, sheep, and calf lumbar spines have been well characterized. The size, cost, and ease of care all make the rabbit an attractive alternative choice for an animal lumbar spine model. However, comparisons of normal biomechanical characteristics of the rabbit lumbar spine have not been made to the spines of larger species. The purpose of this study was to establish baseline physiologic kinematic data for the rabbit lumbar spine. Ten skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbit osteoligamentous spines were obtained. L4-L7 spine segments were harvested and mounted. Multi-directional flexibility testing was performed by applying pure moments up to 0.27 Nm. Resulting rotations were measured using an Optotrak system. Data were analyzed for each intervertebral level in the three planes of rotation. The three levels tested had roughly similar range of motion (ROM). The mean (SD) angular ROMs in flexion for L4-L5, L5-L6, L6-L7 were 12.10°(2.59°), 12.38°(2.70°), and 15.17°(3.22°), respectively. The ROMs in extension were 5.86°(

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“…Some basic studies compared the biomechanical properties of calf versus cadaver human spine models [5,38,53,54]. Compared to other animal models (deer, sheep, pig) calf spine and vertebrae show most anatomical and mechanical similarities to human specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore singular calf vertebrae are a widely used and popular animal model, which we used in this study. However, biomechanical studies concerning spine constructs of several motion segments have some limitations regarding the range of segmental motion compared to the human spine [5,38,49,53,54]. However, in this study, only singular vertebrae, not spine constructs of several motion segments were used, so that according to data from literature the results should be transferable to human vertebrae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pullout strength of anterior spinal instrumentation: a product comparison of seven screws in calf vertebral bodies

et al. 2007

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A lot of new implant devices for spine surgery are coming onto the market, in which vertebral screws play a fundamental role. The new screws developed for surgery of spine deformities have to be compared to established systems. A biomechanical in vitro study was designed to assess the bone-screw interface fixation strength of seven different screws used for correction of scoliosis in spine surgery. The objectives of the current study were twofold: (1) to evaluate the initial strength at the bone-screw interface of newly developed vertebral screws (Universal Spine System II) compared to established systems (product comparison) and (2) to evaluate the influence of screw design, screw diameter, screw length and bone mineral density on pullout strength. Fifty-six calf vertebral bodies were instrumented with seven different screws (USS II anterior 8.0 mm, USS II posterior 6.2 mm, KASS 6.25 mm, USS II anterior 6.2 mm, USS II posterior 5.2 mm, USS 6.0 mm, USS 5.0 mm). Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Failure in axial pullout was tested using a displacement-controlled universal test machine. USS II anterior 8.0 mm showed higher pullout strength than all other screws. The difference constituted a tendency (P = 0.108) when compared to USS II posterior 6.2 mm (+19%) and was significant in comparison to the other screws (+30 to +55%, P < 0.002). USS II posterior 6.2 mm showed significantly higher pullout strength than USS 5.0 mm (+30%, P = 0.014). The other screws did not differ significantly in pullout strength. Pullout strength correlated significantly with BMD (P = 0.0015) and vertebral body width/screw length (P < 0.001). The newly developed screws for spine surgery (USS II) show higher pullout strength when compared to established systems. Screw design had no significant influence on pullout force in vertebral body screws, but outer diameter of the screw, screw length and BMD are good predictors of pullout resistance.

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Biomechanical Comparison of Calf and Human Spines

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Mature runt cow lumbar intradiscal pressures and motion segment biomechanics

Mature runt cow lumbar intradiscal pressures and motion segment biomechanics

Biomechanical evaluation of the New Zealand white rabbit lumbar spine: a physiologic characterization

Pullout strength of anterior spinal instrumentation: a product comparison of seven screws in calf vertebral bodies

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